بررسی فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی آویشن شیرازیZataria multiflora Boiss) ) در شرایط اکولوژیکی متفاوت

محورهای موضوعی : مجله علمی- پژوهشی اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی

احمد نیک زاد ¹ , شهرام شرف زاده ² , اردلان علیزاده ³ , بهرام امیری ⁴ , فرود بذر افشان ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه گیاهان دارویی و معطر، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد استهبان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، استهبان، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران
5 - استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/02/01

کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان, آویشن شیرازی, محتوای فنولی, اکوتیپ‌های مختلف, روغن فرار,

چکیده مقاله :

در تحقیق حاضر، 4 اکوتیپ‌ مختلف گیاه دارویی آویشن شیرازی (استهبان، نی‌ریز، فسا و لارستان)، به منظور شناسایی برترین اکوتیپ، از لحاظ بالاترین درصد اسانس، اجزای اسانس، محتوای فنولی کل، خاصیت آنتی -اکسیدانی و ترکیبات پلی‌فنولی عصاره متانولی بررسی شد. اسانس‌گیری از تمامی توده‌ها به روش تقطیر با آب، توسط دستگاه کلونجر انجام، سپس با استفاده از گاز کروماتوگراف و گاز کروماتوگراف متصل به طیف سنج جرمی آنالیز گردید. به طور کلی 52 ترکیب در اسانس توده‌های مختلف آویشن شیرازی شناسایی شد، ترکیبات عمده تشکیل دهنده اسانس شامل: تیمول (35/54 – 41/34 %)، پاراسیمن (85/19 – 49/9 %)، گاماترپینن(70/16 – 34/7 %)، کارواکرول (34/15 – 35/5 %) بودند. تعیین فنول کل و فعالیت آنتی‌‌اکسیدانی عصاره متانولی به ترتیب، با استفاده از روش رنگ سنجی فولین سیوکالتو و مهار رادیکال آزاد 2و2 دی‌فنیل، 1 پیکریل هیدرازیل (DPPH) تعیین شد. ترکیبات پلی‌‌فنولی عصاره توده‌های مختلف، با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC) مشخص شد. فنل کل از 66/234 تا 28/302 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید در وزن خشک متغییر بود. مقادیر خاصیت آنتی-اکسیدانی نیز از 63/348 تا 76/453 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر اعلام شد. ترکیبات پلی‌‌فنولی غالب در عصاره‌ تمامی توده‌ها شامل: تیمول، کارواکرول، کوئرستین و رزماریک اسید بود. نتایج نشان داد که توده نی‌ریز بیشترین درصد اسانس و بالاترین درصد تیمول را دارا بود. بالاترین میزان ترکیبات فنلی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در توده لارستان مشاهده شد. ترکیب پلی‌‌فنولی غالب، تیمول و در توده فسا مشاهده شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extract. Essential oils were extracted from all ecotypes by hydro-distillation via Clevenger apparatus, then analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS) . In total, 52 compounds were identified in the essential oils of different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora. The main chemical constituents were, thymol (34.41 - 54.35 %), p-cymene (9.49 - 19.85 %), -Terpinene (7.34 - 16.70 %) and carvacrol (5.35 - 15.34 %). Determination of total phenol and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Polyphenolic components of extracts of different ecotypes were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenols varied from 234.66 to 302.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, IC50 values in the radical scavenging assay ranged from 348.63 to 453.76 mg/mL. The predominant polyphenolic compounds in the extracts of all ecotypes included: Thymol, Carvacrol, Quercetin and Rosmarinic acid. The results showed that Neyriz ecotype has the highest percentage of essential oil and the highest percentage of thymol. The highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in Larestan ecotype. The predominant polyphenolic component was thymol and was observed in the Fasa ecotype.

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