Analysis of Climate Change and Air Pollution Using GEE in a Beijing and Mumbai
Subject Areas : Environment
1 - Ph.D. Student of Environment, Islamic Azad University, Yazd branch, Iran
Keywords: Air Pollutants, Google Earth Engine LST, NDVI, ,
Abstract :
Background and objective: Urban areas worldwide are increasingly grappling with the impacts of pollution and climate change. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations of environmental and climatic factors in Mumbai and Beijing. The primary objective is to analyze the influence of these factors on urban air quality and to provide insights into the effectiveness of pollution control measures in these rapidly evolving cities. Materials and methods: The study utilized remote sensing data from Sentinel-5P, and Sentinel-2 satellites, as well as Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation - Product 5P (GSMaP-5P) and Sentinel-3A images, accessed through Google Earth Engine (GEE). Data on SO₂, NO₂, and CH₄ concentrations were extracted and analyzed alongside 2-meter temperature, wind speed, NDVI, and precipitation patterns. Statistical analyses were performed to assess temporal trends and spatial distributions of these variables, with a focus on identifying correlations between pollutant levels and climatic factors. Results and conclusion: In Mumbai, elevated concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, and CH₄ were observed, particularly in industrial and central areas, reflecting ongoing pollution challenges. NDVI data showed decreased vegetation cover, exacerbating urban heat island effects. Beijing, however, showed a significant reduction in SO₂ and NO₂ levels, attributed to stringent emission controls. CH₄ concentrations in Beijing also decreased over time, indicating successful mitigation efforts. Climatic data revealed consistently high temperatures and stable wind patterns in Mumbai, contrasting with Beijing's more variable temperatures and higher wind speeds. Precipitation patterns in Mumbai demonstrated high variability, while Beijing experienced decreasing total precipitation. The study underscores the effectiveness of pollution control measures in Beijing and highlights the ongoing need for improved air quality management strategies in Mumbai. These findings provide valuable insights for urban environmental policy and pollution control in rapidly urbanizing regions.
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