Analyzing the Interactions Between Surface Temperature, Vegetation, and Topography in Jakarta (Indonesia) and Seoul (South Korea)
Subject Areas : Environment
1 - Ph.D. Candidate in environmental science and engineerig, Department of Environment, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
Keywords: Air Pollutants, Google Eart Engine, Land Surface Temperature NDVI,
Abstract :
Background and objective: Urbanization significantly impacts air quality, with land surface temperature (LST), vegetation cover, precipitation, and air pollutants Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Methane (CH4)) playing critical roles. This study investigates the relationships among these environmental variables in Jakarta, Indonesia, and Seoul, South Korea, to understand their interconnections and implications for urban air quality management. Materials and methods: Utilizing satellite imagery (Sentinel-5P and MODIS) and remote sensing data, vegetation cover was measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), while LST was analyzed alongside meteorological data. Pollution levels of NO2 and CH4 were assessed through ground-level measurements and satellite-derived data. Topographical features such as slope and elevation were integrated into the analysis, and wind rose data were used to evaluate wind patterns' effects on pollutant dispersion. Results and conclusion: The results revealed that higher vegetation cover correlates with lower concentrations of NO2 and CH4, supporting the hypothesis that urban green spaces mitigate pollution. A significant positive correlation between LST and pollutant levels was observed, indicating urban heat exacerbates air quality issues. Topographical factors significantly influenced pollutant distribution, with lower elevations trapping pollutants. Furthermore, prevailing wind patterns were found to be crucial in shaping pollution dynamics. These findings underscore the importance of integrating vegetation and topographical considerations into urban planning and policy-making to enhance air quality and promote sustainable urban environments in both cities.
Akinyemi, M. L., Emetere, M. E., & Akinwumi, S. A. (2016). Dynamics of wind strength and wind direction on air pollution dispersion. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(2).
Bodah, B. W., Neckel, A., Maculan, L. S., Milanes, C. B., Korcelski, C., Ramírez, O., ... & Oliveira, M. L. (2022). Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite application for NO2 and CO studies aiming at environmental valuation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 357, 131960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131960
Fernández-Maldonado, V., Navas, A. L., Fabani, M. P., Mazza, G., & Rodríguez, R. (2024). A Multi-Temporal Analysis on the Dynamics of the Impact of Land Use and Land Cover on NO2 and CO Emissions in Argentina for Sustainable Environmental Management. Sustainability, 16(11), 4400. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114400
Fuladlu, K., & Altan, H. (2021). Examining land surface temperature and relations with the major air pollutants: A remote sensing research in case of Tehran. Urban Climate, 39, 100958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100958
Ghosh, S., Kumar, D., & Kumari, R. (2022). Cloud-based large-scale data retrieval, mapping, and analysis for land monitoring applications with google earth engine (GEE). Environmental Challenges, 9, 100605 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100605
He, J., Gong, S., Yu, Y., Yu, L., Wu, L., Mao, H., ... & Li, R. (2017). Air pollution characteristics and their relation to meteorological conditions during 2014–2015 in major Chinese cities. Environmental pollution, 223, 484-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.050
Ho, C. H., Heo, J. W., Chang, M., Choi, W., Kim, J., Kim, S. W., & Oh, H. R. (2021). Regulatory measures significantly reduced air-pollutant concentrations in Seoul, Korea. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 12(7), 101098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.101098
Jo, H., Kim, S. A., & Kim, H. (2022). Forecasting the reduction in urban air pollution by expansion of market shares of eco-friendly vehicles: a focus on Seoul, Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215314
Komilova, N., Egamkulov, K., Hamroyev, M., Khalilova, K., & Zaynutdinova, D. A. (2023). The impact of urban air pollution on human health. Медичні перспективи= Medicni perspektivi (Medical perspectives), (3), 170-179. DOI: 10.26641/2307-0404.2023.3.289221
Mandal, J., Patel, P. P., & Samanta, S. (2022). Examining the expansion of Urban Heat Island effect in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area and its vicinity using multi-temporal MODIS satellite data. Advances in Space Research, 69(5), 1960-1977 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.11.040
Mirsanjari, M. M., Zarandian, A., Mohammadyari, F., & Visockiene, J. S. (2020). Investigation of the impacts of urban vegetation loss on the ecosystem service of air pollution mitigation in Karaj metropolis, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(8), 501 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08399-8
Nishihashi, M., Mukai, H., Terao, Y., Hashimoto, S., Osonoi, Y., Boer, R., ... & Ilahi, A. F. (2019, July). Greenhouse gases and air pollutants monitoring project around Jakarta megacity. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 303, No. 1, p. 012038). IOP Publishing. DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/303/1/012038
Pravitasari, A. E., Rustiadi, E., Mulya, S. P., Setiawan, Y., Fuadina, L. N., & Murtadho, A. (2018, May). Identifying the driving forces of urban expansion and its environmental impact in Jakarta-Bandung mega urban region. In IOP conference series: earth and environmental science (Vol. 149, No. 1, p. 012044). IOP Publishing. DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012044
Suthar, G., Singhal, R. P., Khandelwal, S., & Kaul, N. (2023). Spatiotemporal variation of air pollutants and their relationship with land surface temperature in Bengaluru, India. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 32, 101011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2023.101011
Wu, Y., Zhou, L., Meng, Y., Lin, Q., & Fei, Y. (2023). Influential topographic factor identification of soil heavy metals using GeoDetector: The effects of DEM resolution and pollution sources. Remote Sensing, 15(16), 4067. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164067
Yilmaz, O. S., Acar, U., Sanli, F. B., Gulgen, F., & Ates, A. M. (2023). Mapping burn severity and monitoring CO content in Türkiye’s 2021 Wildfires, using Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-5P satellite data on the GEE platform. Earth science informatics, 16(1), 221-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-00933-9
Yang, J., Shi, B., Zheng, Y., Shi, Y., & Xia, G. (2020). Urban form and air pollution disperse: key indexes and mitigation strategies. Sustainable Cities and Society, 57, 101955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101955
Yu, D., & Fang, C. (2023). Urban remote sensing with spatial big data: a review and renewed perspective of urban studies in recent decades. Remote Sensing, 15(5), 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051307
Zhang, Z., Xu, X., Qiao, L., Gong, D., Kim, S. J., Wang, Y., & Mao, R. (2018). Numerical simulations of the effects of regional topography on haze pollution in Beijing. Scientific reports, 8(1), 5504. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23880-8
Zheng, S., Zhou, X., Singh, R. P., Wu, Y., Ye, Y., & Wu, C. (2017). The spatiotemporal distribution of air pollutants and their relationship with land-use patterns in Hangzhou city, China. Atmosphere, 8(6), 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8060110
Zhong, L., Ma, Y., Salama, M. S., & Su, Z. (2010). Assessment of vegetation dynamics and their response to variations in precipitation and temperature in the Tibetan Plateau. Climatic change, 103(3), 519-535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9787-8
Zhou, M., Huang, Y., & Li, G. (2021). Changes in the concentration of air pollutants before and after the COVID-19 blockade period and their correlation with vegetation coverage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 23405-23419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12164-2