ارائة مدل توسعة ورزش پاک در ایران
محورهای موضوعی :
توسعه پایدار
افشین شریفی
1
,
شهاب بهرامی
2
,
حسن صفی خانی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
2 - دانشیار مدیریت ورزشی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران. (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/27
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/01/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01
کلید واژه:
مدل‌سازی,
ورزش پاک,
دوپینگ,
طرح های ترکیبی,
داده بنباد,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت ورزش پاک، نیاز است تا برنامه ریزی های مناسبی در جهت توسعه آن در کشور ایران به انجام رسد. از این رو هدف این پژوهش تدوین چارچوب ارائة مدل توسعة ورزش پاک در ایران با رویکرد طرح های ترکیبی می باشد.روش بررسی: روش پژوهش ترکیبی اکتشافی دو مرحله ای از نوع ابزارسازی است. روش پژوهش کیفی، مطالعة موردی کیفی و مشارکت کنندگان بالقوه شامل17 نفر از متخصصان عضو هیئت علمی بودند. ابزار پژوهش مصاحبة نیمه ساختارمند بود. در بخش کمی روش پژوهش توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعة آماری این پژوهش شامل رئیس، نائب رئیس و دبیر فدراسیون های ورزشی بودند که تعداد آنان با توجه به تعداد 51 فدراسیون فعال در کشور، 153 نفر بودند. با توجه به جدول مورگان، تعداد 113 نفر بر اساس روش نمونه گیری دردسترس به عنوان نمونة پژوهش مشخص گردیدند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آمار توصیفی و مدل معادلات ساختاری برای بررسی برازش مدل پژوهش استفاده گردید.یافته ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مقدار تی مربوطه هر عامل تأثیر معناداری را دارد و تمامی چارچوب مدل توسعة ورزش پاک در ایران مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. همچنین نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که ارائة مدل توسعة ورزش پاک در ایران شامل شرایط علی، شرایط زمینه ای، شرایط مداخله ای، پیامدها، راهبردها می باشد. همچنین نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که مدل پژوهش از برازش مناسبی برخوردار می باشد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: بنابراین نتیجه گیری می شود که کمیته ملی المپیک و وزارت ورزش علاوه بر افزایش میزان بودجه و اعتبارات جاری و تجهیزاتی در ورزش نسبت تخصیص و واگذاری ردیف بودجه و اعتبارات به صورت مستقل به فدراسیون پزشکی ورزشی تا مطابق استانداردهای موجود به توسعه و گسترش ورزش پاک در کشور پرداخته شود. همچنین برای ایجاد بانک اطلاعاتی در فدراسیون های ورزشی به منظور ساماندهی و به کارگیری متخصصان حوزه های مختلف ورزشی اعم از کارشناسان، مربیان، داوران و ورزشکاران در ترویج ورزش پاک صورت گیرد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Due to the importance of clean sports, it is necessary to make appropriate plans for its development in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a framework for presenting a model for the development of clean sports in Iran with a combined design approach.Material and Methodology: The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative case study and potential participants included 17 faculty members. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study included the president, vice president and secretary of sports federations, whose number was 153 according to the 51 active federations in the country. According to Morgan's table, 113 people were identified as the research sample based on the available sampling method. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data to evaluate the fit of the research model.Findings: The results showed that the corresponding t-value of each factor has a significant effect and the whole framework of the clean sport development model in Iran was approved. Also, the results of the present study showed that the presentation of a clean sport development model in Iran includes causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervention conditions, consequences, and strategies. Also, the results of the present study showed that the research model has a good fit.Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the National Olympic Committee and the Ministry of Sports, in addition to increasing the amount of current budgets and credits and equipment in sports, allocate and hand over budgets and credits independently to the sports medicine federation to the development and expansion of clean sports in accordance with the existing standards. Country to be paid. Also, it should be done to create a database in sports federations in order to organize and employ experts in various sports fields, including experts, coaches, referees, and athletes in promoting clean sports.
منابع و مأخذ:
GHasemi, H. Togari, F. Borogerdi, M. Emami, H. Amiri, M. 2009. Content Analysis of the Views of the Heads of Physical Education Organization on the Components of Sport from 1979 to "Sport Management, 2012. 13: 137-152. (In Persian)
E. 2016. Positive youth development, sport and communities: research trends and future directions. International Journal of Sport Psychology, .47(2), 165-186.
Adom, A. A., De Coning, C., Bitugu, B. B., & Keim, M. 2016. Trends and tendencies in the facilitation and training of sport and development programmes for the youth: lessons of experience from African cases: sport for development. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences (AJPHES). 22(32), 908-919.
Darnell, S. C. Power, politics and “sport for development and peace”: Investigating the utility of sport for international development. Sociology of sport journal, 27(1), 54-75.
Giulianotti, R., Collison, H., Darnell, S., & Howe, D. 2017. Contested states and the politics of sport: the case of Kosovo–division, development, and recognition. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 9(1), 121-136.
Young, C. C., Campbell, A. D., Lemery, J., & Young, D. S. 2015. Ethical, legal, and administrative considerations for preparticipation evaluation for wilderness sports and adventures. Wilderness & environmental medicine, 26(4), 10-14.
Riyasat, F. 2010. The Role of Ethical Indicators in Controlling Athletes' Behavioral Disorders in Sporting Areas, MSc in Sport Management, Isfahan University. (In Persian)
Nedaee, T. Alavi. Kh. Ethics in Sport with a Fair Play Approach, Philosophical-Verbal Research. 10, 87-220. (In Persian)
Kiyani, M. Shabani Moghadam, K. 2018. The Relationship between Education Level and Type of Proposed Inhibition Response to Doping Among Athletes in Kermanshah Province, Second National Conference on Achievements in Sport Sciences and Health, Ahvaz, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian)
Ahmadian, M. Aslankhani, M. Asghari, M. 2017. Level of Psychological Fitness and Tendency to Doping in Athletes, 6th Congress of Iranian Psychological Association, Tehran, Iranian Psychological Association. (In Persian)
Nosratpor, A. Mazandarani, M. 2016. Valuation of the use of authorized and unauthorized supplements among athletes in bodybuilding and wrestling in Gorgan, Second National Conference on Sport Science and Physical Education of Iran, Tehran, Association for Development and Promotion of Science and Technology. (In Persian)
Duncan, L. R., Hallward, L., & Alexander, D. 2018. Portraits of adolescent athletes facing personal and situational risk factors for doping initiation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 39, 163-170.
Hagizadeh, Y. 2013. The Ethics of Sport and the Doping Problem with Emphasis on Islamic Teachings, Ethics Research Quarterly. 6 (20), 25-48. (In Persian)
Kabiri, S., Cochran, J. K., Stewart, B. J., Sharepour, M., Rahmati, M. M., & Shadmanfaat, S. M. 2018. Doping among Professional Athletes in Iran: A Test of Akers’s Social Learning Theory. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology. 62(5), 1384-1410.
Laure P, Lecerf T, Friser A, 2004. Binsinger C. “Drugs, recreational drug use and attitudes towards doping of high school athletes”. Int J Sports Med.25 (2): PP: 133-8.
Humpel N, Owen N, Leslie E. Environmental factors associated with adults' participation in physical activity: A review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 22(3):188-99.
Limongelli F, Masala D, La Torre G. 2001. Knowledge, Attitude and behavior toward doping and food supplementation in a sample of athletes of central southern Italy. Medicina dello sport. 54(3): P: 229.
Houlihan, B., & Malcolm, D. (Eds.). Sport and society: a student introduction. Sage.
Sabori, H. Ethics in Sport, Tehran: Sabouri. (In Persian)
Spaaij, R. Sports crowd violence: An interdisciplinary synthesis. Aggression and violent behavior. 19(2), 146-155.
Sarkar, M., Hill, D. M., & Parker, A. 2015. Reprint of: Working with religious and spiritual athletes: Ethical considerations for sport psychologists. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 17, 48-55.
Mortimer H, Whitehead J, 2020. Kavussanu M, Gürpınar B, Ring C. Values and clean sport. Journal of Sports Sciences. Oct 23:1-9.
Hurst P, Ring C, Kavussanu M. 2020. An evaluation of UK athletics’ clean sport programme in preventing doping in junior elite athletes. Performance Enhancement & Health. Mar 1; 7(3-4):100155.
Ohl F, Schoch L, Fincoeur B. 2020. The toxic doxa of “clean sport” and IOC’s and WADA’s quest for credibility. International Review for the Sociology of Sport: 1012690220977351.
Boardley ID, Chandler M, Backhouse SH, Petroczi A. 2020. Co-creating a social science research agenda for clean sport: An international Delphi study. International Journal of Drug Policy. Feb 13:103161.
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GHasemi, H. Togari, F. Borogerdi, M. Emami, H. Amiri, M. 2009. Content Analysis of the Views of the Heads of Physical Education Organization on the Components of Sport from 1979 to "Sport Management, 2012. 13: 137-152. (In Persian)
E. 2016. Positive youth development, sport and communities: research trends and future directions. International Journal of Sport Psychology, .47(2), 165-186.
Adom, A. A., De Coning, C., Bitugu, B. B., & Keim, M. 2016. Trends and tendencies in the facilitation and training of sport and development programmes for the youth: lessons of experience from African cases: sport for development. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences (AJPHES). 22(32), 908-919.
Darnell, S. C. Power, politics and “sport for development and peace”: Investigating the utility of sport for international development. Sociology of sport journal, 27(1), 54-75.
Giulianotti, R., Collison, H., Darnell, S., & Howe, D. 2017. Contested states and the politics of sport: the case of Kosovo–division, development, and recognition. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 9(1), 121-136.
Young, C. C., Campbell, A. D., Lemery, J., & Young, D. S. 2015. Ethical, legal, and administrative considerations for preparticipation evaluation for wilderness sports and adventures. Wilderness & environmental medicine, 26(4), 10-14.
Riyasat, F. 2010. The Role of Ethical Indicators in Controlling Athletes' Behavioral Disorders in Sporting Areas, MSc in Sport Management, Isfahan University. (In Persian)
Nedaee, T. Alavi. Kh. Ethics in Sport with a Fair Play Approach, Philosophical-Verbal Research. 10, 87-220. (In Persian)
Kiyani, M. Shabani Moghadam, K. 2018. The Relationship between Education Level and Type of Proposed Inhibition Response to Doping Among Athletes in Kermanshah Province, Second National Conference on Achievements in Sport Sciences and Health, Ahvaz, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian)
Ahmadian, M. Aslankhani, M. Asghari, M. 2017. Level of Psychological Fitness and Tendency to Doping in Athletes, 6th Congress of Iranian Psychological Association, Tehran, Iranian Psychological Association. (In Persian)
Nosratpor, A. Mazandarani, M. 2016. Valuation of the use of authorized and unauthorized supplements among athletes in bodybuilding and wrestling in Gorgan, Second National Conference on Sport Science and Physical Education of Iran, Tehran, Association for Development and Promotion of Science and Technology. (In Persian)
Duncan, L. R., Hallward, L., & Alexander, D. 2018. Portraits of adolescent athletes facing personal and situational risk factors for doping initiation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 39, 163-170.
Hagizadeh, Y. 2013. The Ethics of Sport and the Doping Problem with Emphasis on Islamic Teachings, Ethics Research Quarterly. 6 (20), 25-48. (In Persian)
Kabiri, S., Cochran, J. K., Stewart, B. J., Sharepour, M., Rahmati, M. M., & Shadmanfaat, S. M. 2018. Doping among Professional Athletes in Iran: A Test of Akers’s Social Learning Theory. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology. 62(5), 1384-1410.
Laure P, Lecerf T, Friser A, 2004. Binsinger C. “Drugs, recreational drug use and attitudes towards doping of high school athletes”. Int J Sports Med.25 (2): PP: 133-8.
Humpel N, Owen N, Leslie E. Environmental factors associated with adults' participation in physical activity: A review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 22(3):188-99.
Limongelli F, Masala D, La Torre G. 2001. Knowledge, Attitude and behavior toward doping and food supplementation in a sample of athletes of central southern Italy. Medicina dello sport. 54(3): P: 229.
Houlihan, B., & Malcolm, D. (Eds.). Sport and society: a student introduction. Sage.
Sabori, H. Ethics in Sport, Tehran: Sabouri. (In Persian)
Spaaij, R. Sports crowd violence: An interdisciplinary synthesis. Aggression and violent behavior. 19(2), 146-155.
Sarkar, M., Hill, D. M., & Parker, A. 2015. Reprint of: Working with religious and spiritual athletes: Ethical considerations for sport psychologists. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 17, 48-55.
Mortimer H, Whitehead J, 2020. Kavussanu M, Gürpınar B, Ring C. Values and clean sport. Journal of Sports Sciences. Oct 23:1-9.
Hurst P, Ring C, Kavussanu M. 2020. An evaluation of UK athletics’ clean sport programme in preventing doping in junior elite athletes. Performance Enhancement & Health. Mar 1; 7(3-4):100155.
Ohl F, Schoch L, Fincoeur B. 2020. The toxic doxa of “clean sport” and IOC’s and WADA’s quest for credibility. International Review for the Sociology of Sport: 1012690220977351.
Boardley ID, Chandler M, Backhouse SH, Petroczi A. 2020. Co-creating a social science research agenda for clean sport: An international Delphi study. International Journal of Drug Policy. Feb 13:103161.
