انتخاب گزینه مناسب جهت بازسازی معدن شن و ماسه جوبن با استفاده از روش تصمیم‌گیری چند معیاره فازی FTOPSIS در جهت ایجاد توسعه پایدار در منطقه

محورهای موضوعی : توسعه پایدار

محسن صفری ¹ , احمد آریافر ² , سینا علی نژاد ³

1 - مربی، گروه مهندسی معدن دانشگاه صنعتی بیرجند*(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیار، گروه مهندسی معدن دانشگاه بیرجند
3 - دانش‌آموخته دوره کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی اکتشاف معدن دانشگاه بیرجند

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/05/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/03/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/05/01

کلید واژه: معدن شن و ماسه, FTOPSIS, بازسازی معدن, محیط زیست, توسعه پایدار,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: امروزه به دلیل ازدیاد جمعیت استفاده بهینه از زمین اهمیت فراوانی یافته است. در نواحی معدنی، محدوده وسیعی در نتیجه معدن کاری تحت اشغال قرار می‌گیرد که گاهی به چندین هکتار هم می‌رسد. سطح تخریب معادن و عوارض جانبی زیست محیطی با افزایش اندازه و ظرفیت معادن بیشتر می شود. از طرفی هم محصولات معدنی و هم منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست مورد نیاز بشر می باشند و نمی توان یکی را فدای دیگری کرد. بنابراین راه معقول برای حل مشکل تعامل بین این دو بخش، حفظ توازن و توسعه پایدار است. احیا و بازسازی سطح زمین‌هایی که پس از استخراج معادن به‌صورت گسترده و نامحدود باقی‌مانده‌اند؛ در رسیدن به هدف بزرگ توسعه‌ پایدار می‌تواند بسیار مؤثر واقع شود. لذا هذف از این تحقیق، انتخاب گزینه مناسب بازسازی معدن شن و ماسه جوبن با در نظر گرفتن پتانسیل های منطقه جهت رسیدن به هدف توسعه پایدار می باشد. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق ابتدا کارهای صورت گرفته جهت بازسازی معادن مشابه مطالعه شد سپس با بررسی پتانسیل های منطقه، گزینه های مختلفی برای بازسازی معدن پیشنهاد شد. در ادامه ، هر یک از گزینه ها بر اساس معیارهای مختلف مانند توپوگرافی، شیب، جنس خاک، مالکیت، راه دسترسی، انگیزه بهره‌برداران و ... مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در نهایت به منظور انتخاب مناسب ترین گزینه جهت بازسازی معدن از روش شباهت به گزینه ایده آل فازی (FTOPSIS) استفاده شد. یافته ها: با توجه به اینکه تصمیم گیری در مورد انتخاب یک گزینه مناسب جهت بازسازی معدن یک مسئله چند معیاره می باشد و معیارها در تعارض با یکدیگرند. از طرفی در مسائل تصمیم گیری تفکرات انسان با عدم قطعیت همراه است و این عدم قطعیت در تصمیم گیری تاثیرگذار است. استفاده از روش FTOPSIS که تمام این شاخص ها را در نظر می گیرد. بسیار موثر واقع شد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: احیای زمین و بازسازی محیط زیست یک راه مؤثر برای استفاده از منابع زمین از لحاظ اقتصادی است و به هماهنگی بین مردم و زمین در منطقه معدن کمک می کند. احیای موفق و پایدار به یک رویکرد میان‌ رشته‌ای که منجر به یک طرح یکپارچه و مؤثر برای احیای شرایط زیست محیطی، هیدرولوژیکی، زیبایی و تفریحی شود نیاز دارد. لذا لزوم جامع نگری در تصمیم گیری و بهره گیری از افراد مختلف با مشاغل، تخصص ها، تجربیات، سوابق و دیدگاه های علمی گوناگون، همراه با استفاده از تکنیک های تصمیم گیری چند معیاره فازی می تواند بسیار موثر واقع شود؛ لذا در این مقاله جهت تعیین گزینه مناسب بازسازی، با بررسی عوامل زیربنایی مؤثر در بازسازی و استفاده از منابع علمی مختلف، از بین هفت گزینه پیشنهاد شده با در نظر گرفتن ۱۷ معیار مؤثر، گزینه ایجاد منطقه تجاری به عنوان گزینه مناسب انتخاب شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Nowadays, due to population growth, the optimal use of land is a paramount importance. For example, in mining areas, a large area is occupied for the mining purpose which sometimes exceeds several hectares. In this regard, the amount of destruction and the environmental harms resulted from mining increases upon the rise of quantity and capacity of mines. On the other hand, since both mineral products and environment are a necessity for humans, one cannot be sacrificed for the other one. So, the logical solution is concurrent development. To this end, the reclamation of areas left after mining could be very effective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is finding a suitable alternative for the reclamation of the Jubon sand mine, by taking into account the potentials of the region to achieve the goal of sustainable development. Method: In this research, firstly the (previous) works done for the reclamation of similar mines were studied, then by examining the potentials of the region, different alternative for mine reclamation were proposed. Then, each of the alternatives was evaluated based on different criteria such as topography, slope, soil type, ownership, access road, beneficiary’s motivation and etc. Finally, in order to select the most appropriate alternative for mine reconstruction method of Similarity to Fuzzy Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) was used. Findings: Given that deciding on a suitable alternative for mine reclamation is a multi-criteria issue and the criteria are in conflict with each other. On the other hand, in decision-making issues, human thoughts are associated with uncertainty, and this uncertainty influenced the process of decision-making. The FTOPSIS method which takes into account all the indicators were very effective. Discussion and Conclusions: Land reclamation and environmental regeneration is an effective way to use land resources economically and help to coordinate people and land in the mining area. Successful and sustainable reclamation requires an interdisciplinary approach that leads to an integrated and effective plan to rehabilitate environmental, hydrological, aesthetic and recreational conditions. Therefore, the need for holistic approach in decision-making and the use of different people with different jobs, specialties, experiences, backgrounds and scientific perspectives, along with the use of multi-criteria fuzzy decision-making techniques can be very effective. Therefore, in this article, in order to determine the appropriate alternative for reconstruction by examining the effective infrastructure factors in reclamation and the use of various scientific resources, among the seven proposed alternatives, considering 17 effective criteria, the alternative of creating a business area was selected as a suitable option.  

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