ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی و محیط زیستی تصفیه خانه فاضلاب غرب اهواز با استفاده از روش های AHP و TOPSIS
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست، بهداشت و ایمنی
حمید رضا پور خباز
1
,
آذین عزیزی
2
,
سعیده جوانمردی
3
,
علیرضا پورخباز
4
1 - استادیار، گروه محیطزیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتمالانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - کارشناس ارشد ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران.
3 - مربی گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران.
4 - دانشیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/05/12
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/07/18
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/01/01
کلید واژه:
پساب,
تصفیه خانه فاضلاب,
MCDM,
شاخص ریسک,
TOPSIS,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: کارکنان شاغل در تصفیه خانه های فاضلاب و محیط های انسانی اطراف همواره در معرض تهدید عوامل مخاطره آمیز از قبیل عوامل زیان آور فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی می باشند. بنابراین، جهت بررسی این خطرات و ارائه راهکارهای لازم، پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی ریسک های ایمنی، بهداشتی و زیست محیطی درتصفیه خانه فاضلاب غرب اهواز انجام گرفته است.روش بررسی: پس از بازدیدهای میدانی، مصاحبه با کارشناسان و کارکنان تصفیه خانه (سال 1396) و جستجو در منابع اینترنتی، فهرستی از مهم ترین ریسک ها شناسایی و برای پاسخ دهی در اختیار این کارشناسان و کارکنان قرارگرفت. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل و اولویت بندی ریسک ها از دو روش AHP وTOPSIS که از جمله روش های تصمیم گیری چند معیاره (MCDM) می باشند و همچنین از تکنیک آنتروپی به منظور محاسبه وزن شاخص ها، استفاده شد. در ادامه راهبردهای اولویت بندی عوامل، به منظور رفع تعارض بین نتایج دو روش TOPSIS و AHP از روش میانگین رتبه ها استفاده شد.یافته ها: طبق نتایج حاصل از دو روش AHPو TOPSIS عوامل ریسک برخورد با قطعات چرخنده دستگاه ها، ورود مواد سمی و فاضلاب های صنعتی غیر مجاز و انتشار بیوگاز از مخازن هضم لجن به عنوان مهم ترین ریسک های ایمنی و زیست محیطی شناسایی شدند. همچنین، بر اساس روش میانگین رتبه ها، در بین ریسک های ایمنی و بهداشتی برخورد با قطعات چرخنده دستگاه ها با امتیاز 5/1 اولویت اول، برق گرفتگی و انتشار گازهای بدبو از فاضلاب با امتیاز 3 و5/3 اولویت دوم و سوم را کسب کردند. در بین ریسک های زیست محیطی، ورود مواد سمی و فاضلاب های صنعتی غیر مجاز، انتشار بیوگاز از مخازن هضم لجن با امتیاز2 اولویت اول، آتش سوزی و انفجار با امتیاز3 اولویت دوم و نوسانات دبی فاضلاب ورودی با امتیاز 5/3 اولویت سوم را به خود اختصاص دادند.بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به این که عملکرد تصفیه خانه فاضلاب اهواز در مرحله بهره برداری تابعی از عوامل مختلف انسانی، طبیعی، تجهیزاتی و عملکردی می باشد، لذا مدیریت این عوامل کمک موثری در بهبود و ارتقای فرآیند بهره برداری خواهد داشت. در نهایت، مهمترین اقدامات مدیریتی به منظور کاهش سطح ریسک های شناسایی شده در این تصفیه خانه در پژوهش حاضر ارائه گردید که می توان با بکارگیری دستورالعمل های ایمنی کار، ایجاد تاسیسات و تجهیزات لازم در خصوص سوزاندن گازهای اضافی و جلوگیری از تجمع خطرناک آنها در محیط تصفیه خانه اهواز، انجام پیش تصفیه فاضلاب های صنعتی و پایش مستمر پساب های خروجی جهت تطابق با استانداردهای زیست محیطی اشاره نمود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Employed workers in wastewater treatment plants are always exposed to threats of risk factors in the workplace such as harmful physical, chemical and biological factors. Therefore, the present study assesses the safety, health and environmental risks in the wastewater treatment plant in west of Ahwaz city to investigate these risks and provide the necessary solutions. Material and Methodology: After the field visits, interviews to experts and staffs of treatment plant and internet researches (2018), a list of the most important risks was identified and given to the experts and staffs. In order to analyze and prioritize the risks, it was used from AHP and TOPSIS, which are multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) and as well as the entropy technique to calculate the weight of the indicators. In Continuation to prioritizing strategies of factors, in order to removing the conflict between TOPSIS and AHP results, it was used the ranks mean.Findings: According to the results of AHP and TOPSIS, the most important safety and environmental risks that were identified, are impact to rotating parts of systems, entry of toxic materials and impermissible industrial wastewater and the dispersion of biogas from sludge digestion reservoirs. Also, according to the results of the ranks mean method, among the safety and health risks, it was Assigned impact to rotating parts of systems to score 1/5 the first priority, the electric shock and the dispersion of bad gas from wastewater to score of 3 and 3/5 were the second and third priority respectively. Among the environmental risks, it was Assigned entry of toxic materials and impermissible industrial waste water, the dispersion of biogas from sludge digestion reservoirs to score of 2 first priority, fire and explosion score of 3 second priority and fluctuations of waste wate discharge score of 3/5 the third priority.Disscotion & Conclusion: Given that the performance of wastewater treatment plants is a function of various human, natural, equipment and functional factors at the exploitation stage, therefore, management of these factors will help to improve the process of exploitation. In the present study, one of the most important management actions to reduce the level of risks identified, can pointed to apply of work safety guidelines, establishing of facilities and necessary equipment to burn additional gases and prevent their dangerous accumulation in the treatment plant environment, perform pre- treatment of industrial wastewater and continuous monitoring of effluent wastes to match with environmental standards.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Asgharpour, M.J., 2015. Multicriteria Decisin Making. Tehran University Pub. (In Persian)
Jozi, S.A., Saffarian Sh., Shafiee, M., 2012. Environmental Risk Assessment of Gas Power Plant Exploitation Unit Using Integrated TOP-EFMEA Method. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 21(1): 95-105.
Heidari, M., Rezayan, S., Nezakati, R., 2015. Environmental risk evaluation of the exploitation of the lake in twenty second region of Tehran by using MADM multi criteria decision. Journal of Marine Science and Technology Research, 10 (1): 97-117. (In Persian)
Rezayan, S., Jozi, S.A., Ataei, S., 2016. Assessing Environmental Risk Caused by Zanjan’s Paverood Dam in its Construction Stage Using a combination of TOPSIS and RAM-D Methods. Journal of Engineering Geology, 10 (2): 3445-3465. (In Persian)
Mirabi, M., H. Mianabadi, M. Zarghami, M.B. Sharifi and Mostert. E. 2014. Risk-based Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Projects: A Case Study in Niasar City, IranResources, Conservation and Recycling, 93: 168-177.
Shin, D.W., Y. Shin and Kim. G.H. 2016. Comparison of Risk Assessment for a Nuclear Power Plant Construction Project Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, Journal of Building building construction and planning research, 4: 157-171.
Najafpour, F., Soleimani Babersad, M., Denak, H.R., 2014. Study for Reusing Wastewater and Wastewater Treatment Plants Sludge in the City's Green Space (the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ahvaz). Quaterly Journal on Water Engineering, 2 (2): 135-142. (In Persian)
Jozi, S.A., Shafiei, M., Saffarian, Sh., 2016. Application of Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods in Environmental Hazards Analysis of Protected Areas (Case study: Helleh Area of Boushehr). Environmental Researches, 6 (11): 14-97. (In Persian)
Ataei, M., 2005. Using TOPSIS to determine the appropriate extraction method. 24th Conference of The earth Sceinces, Geology Department. (In Persian)
Saaty, T.L. 2000. Fundamentals of Decision Making and Priority Theory, 2nd Ed., PA: RWS Pub., Pittsburgh.
Ghodsipour, S.H., 2009. Hierarchical Analysis Process. Amirkabir University of Technology Pub. (In Persian)
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Laquaz, M., Dagot, C., Bazin, C., Bastide, T., Gaschet, M., ploy, M.C., and Perrodin, Y. 2017. Ecotoxicity and antibiotic resistance of a mixture of hospital and urban sewage in a wastewater treatment plant, Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research: 1-11.
Huber, S., M. Remberger, L. Kaj, M. Schlabach, H. Jorundsdottir, J. Vester, M. Arnorsson, I. Mortensen, R. Schwartson and Dam M. 2016. A first screening and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and additives in personal care products in waste water, sludge, recipient water and sediment from Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland, Science of the Total Environment, 562: 13-25.
Tabesh, M., Badali Bavani, A., Asgarian, M., Roozbahani, A., 2015. An Algorithm for Risk Analysis and Management of Wastewater Treatment Plants. Iran- Water Resources Research, 10 (3): 53-65.
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Azimi, S., Amir nejad, R., 2012. HSE education for all. 3rd Tehran: Fadak Istatis Pub. (In Persian)
Amelian, Sh., Ahmadi, A.M., Koofigar. H.R., 2016. Assessment and Prioritization of Project Risk in the oil and gas Industry Using Fuzzy Topsis Method. Internation Journal of Decision Sciences, Risk and Management, 6(4): 363-372.
Halvani, Gh., Zare, M., 2013. Engineering of Systems Safety and Risk Management. Tehran: Sobhan Pub. (In Persian)
Asgharpour, M.J., 2015. Multicriteria Decisin Making. Tehran University Pub. (In Persian)
Jozi, S.A., Saffarian Sh., Shafiee, M., 2012. Environmental Risk Assessment of Gas Power Plant Exploitation Unit Using Integrated TOP-EFMEA Method. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 21(1): 95-105.
Heidari, M., Rezayan, S., Nezakati, R., 2015. Environmental risk evaluation of the exploitation of the lake in twenty second region of Tehran by using MADM multi criteria decision. Journal of Marine Science and Technology Research, 10 (1): 97-117. (In Persian)
Rezayan, S., Jozi, S.A., Ataei, S., 2016. Assessing Environmental Risk Caused by Zanjan’s Paverood Dam in its Construction Stage Using a combination of TOPSIS and RAM-D Methods. Journal of Engineering Geology, 10 (2): 3445-3465. (In Persian)
Mirabi, M., H. Mianabadi, M. Zarghami, M.B. Sharifi and Mostert. E. 2014. Risk-based Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Projects: A Case Study in Niasar City, IranResources, Conservation and Recycling, 93: 168-177.
Shin, D.W., Y. Shin and Kim. G.H. 2016. Comparison of Risk Assessment for a Nuclear Power Plant Construction Project Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, Journal of Building building construction and planning research, 4: 157-171.
Najafpour, F., Soleimani Babersad, M., Denak, H.R., 2014. Study for Reusing Wastewater and Wastewater Treatment Plants Sludge in the City's Green Space (the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ahvaz). Quaterly Journal on Water Engineering, 2 (2): 135-142. (In Persian)
Jozi, S.A., Shafiei, M., Saffarian, Sh., 2016. Application of Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods in Environmental Hazards Analysis of Protected Areas (Case study: Helleh Area of Boushehr). Environmental Researches, 6 (11): 14-97. (In Persian)
Ataei, M., 2005. Using TOPSIS to determine the appropriate extraction method. 24th Conference of The earth Sceinces, Geology Department. (In Persian)
Saaty, T.L. 2000. Fundamentals of Decision Making and Priority Theory, 2nd Ed., PA: RWS Pub., Pittsburgh.
Ghodsipour, S.H., 2009. Hierarchical Analysis Process. Amirkabir University of Technology Pub. (In Persian)
Ataei, M., 2015. Multicriteria Decisin Making. 3rd Shahroud University Pub. (In Persian)
Laquaz, M., Dagot, C., Bazin, C., Bastide, T., Gaschet, M., ploy, M.C., and Perrodin, Y. 2017. Ecotoxicity and antibiotic resistance of a mixture of hospital and urban sewage in a wastewater treatment plant, Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research: 1-11.
Huber, S., M. Remberger, L. Kaj, M. Schlabach, H. Jorundsdottir, J. Vester, M. Arnorsson, I. Mortensen, R. Schwartson and Dam M. 2016. A first screening and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and additives in personal care products in waste water, sludge, recipient water and sediment from Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland, Science of the Total Environment, 562: 13-25.
Tabesh, M., Badali Bavani, A., Asgarian, M., Roozbahani, A., 2015. An Algorithm for Risk Analysis and Management of Wastewater Treatment Plants. Iran- Water Resources Research, 10 (3): 53-65.
Shanaki Bavar Sad, M., Ahmadi Moghaddam, M., Ryahi Khorram, M., 2014. Assessment and management of environmental, Safety and health risks of water treatment plants in Ahvaz (Case study: water treatment plants No. 1 and 2). National Conference of Environment, Dahaghan: Payame Noor University.