شناسایی خطرات و شبیه سازی پیامد حوادث احتمالی ناحیه مخازن و فلر پالایشگاه گاز ایلام به روش ETBA و نرم افزار PHAST
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست، بهداشت و ایمنیسید روح اله شریفی 1 , فاطمه رضویان 2
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد مدیریت بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: PHAST, شبیه سازی پیامد, ETBA, ارزیابی ریسک, پالایشگاه گاز ایلام,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی خطرات بالقوه و شیبه سازی پیامدهای حوادث احتمالی ناحیه مخازن و فلر پالایشگاه گاز ایلام به روش ETBA و PHAST می باشد. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق که در سال 1397 انجام پذیرفته، با روش ETBA[1] خطرات ناحیه مخازن و فلر پالایشگاه بررسی و 70 ریسک شناسایی شده که 8 ریسک در محدوده غیر قابل قبول واقع شده است. پیامد ریسک های شناسایی شده برای سناریو های منتخب شامل تشعشع ناشی از آتش، فشار ناشی از انفجار و ریزش مواد سمی بررسی و با نرم افزار PHAST[2] حوادث احتمالی برای 4 سناریوی رهایش ناگهانی گاز مخازن کروی، نشت میعانات گازی از مخازن استوانه ای، نشت LPG[3] از بازوی بارگیری و خاموش شدن فلر مدل سازی گردید. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در سناریوی اول خطرات ناشی از آتش سوزی و انفجار مخازن کروی سطح وسیعی از پالایشگاه را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. در سناریوی دوم در زمان نشت میعانات گازی دیوار پیرامونی مخازن استوانه ای از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. در سناریوی سوم جانمایی محل بارگیری مناسب نیست. در سناریوی چهارم، ارتفاع مشعل ها مناسب بوده و در رهایش گاز های سمی و قابل اشتعال پیامد شدیدی برای تاسیسات و افراد پیرامونی نخواهد داشت. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بازنگری سیستم های اطفای حریق، پایش مداوم صاعقه گیر ها و برگزاری مانورهای آتش نشانی از پیشنهادهای این مطالعه می باشد.
Background and Objective: The ILAM Gas Refinery, which produces natural gas, ethane, C3+, C5+, and Sulphur, is situated in the west of Iran and in the Central Zagros Range, and thus, examining the consequences of possible industrial accidents considering the probable effects on personnel, equipment, installations, and the environment is of great importance. Method: In this study, the risks related to the storage tanks and flare were identified and prioritized. Then, the consequences of the identified risks for the selected scenarios comprising radiation due to fire, the pressure due to an explosion, and leakage of toxic material were modeled using the Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool (PHAST) for possible accidents. In this study, the ETBA method identified 70 risks, among which seven of them were in the unacceptable range, in which four risks were associated to the spherical storage tanks, loading (two risks), and the cylindrical storage tank and the flare were each assigned one risk. The risk associated with the heat energy of the spherical and cylindrical storage tanks and the flare were significant. Subsequently, the consequences of four scenarios including the sudden release of gas from the spherical storage tank, leakage of gas condensate from the cylindrical tanks, leakage of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) from the loading arm, and flare-off were selected for simulation. Discussion and Conclusion: In the first scenario, the radiation resulting from fire and the shockwave of the spherical storage tank explosions affected a wide area of the refinery. In the second scenario, leakage of condensate gas from the adjacent wall to the cylindrical storage tanks is of certain significance. In the third scenario, the location of the loading platform is unsuitable. In the fourth scenario, the height of the flares is suitable and the release of toxic and flammable gases does not pose a significant consequence for the installations and people in connection. Reviewing the fire extinguisher systems, constant assessment of the lightning arrestors, and conducting firefighting drills are among the recommendations of this study.
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- Aghrazi Dermani P, Amani H, Haji Mohammadi R, Modeling and Evaluation of the Leakage Consequences of the Salman Tree Ethylene Glycol Reservoir Using the PHAST Software, 1395, Third International Conference on Oil, Gas, Refining and Petrochemicals.(In Persian)
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- Abdulhamid Zadeh, Bahman. Badri, Nasser, 2010, Quantitative and qualitative risk assessment in process industries, Andishehsra publishing house, First edition.(In Persian)
- Beyrodian, Nader, 2006, Safety principles in unexpected events, Mashhad University Press, First edition.(In Persian)
- Hosseini, Maziar, 2006, Principles and Principles of Crisis Management with Strategic and Mental Views, Tehran Crisis Management and Prevention Organization Publication, First Edition.(In Persian)
- Alhiyari, Timor, 2005, Risk Analysis and Risk Assessment in Chemical Processes, Fanvaran Publishing, Andisheh Pahjoh, First Edition.(In Persian)
- Nejadali Hojjat, Mortazavi, Seyed Bagher, Khayan Ali, 2008, Safety assessment of liquid spherical reservoir using FMEA and ETBA methods, Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Vol. 12.(In Persian)
- Poya M, Arghami Sh, Asiliyan H, Mortazavi B. 1986. Safety Evaluation of Glucose Production Unit by Energy Detection and Protective Analysis in a Glucose Company, Iranian Journal of Health Intervention, Volume 3.(In Persian)
- Gholam Abbas Shirali, Javad Adl, 2006, How to implement the ETBA technique in the case studies of the implementation of this method at the isomax unit of the Tehran Refinery, Iranian Journal of Health, Vol. 3, No. 1.(In Persian)
- Meysemi Hossein, Ebadi Taghi, Mainour Mohammad, Azazipour Ali, Zahdi Rad Hossein, 2013, Accident Event Simulation Using the PHAST Software and Based on the WORSTCASE principle, Process Engineering Conference in Oil, Gas, Petrochemical and Energy Industries.(In Persian)
- Setarehshenas N, Alavinejad S, Shahraki, F, 2011, Modeling and evaluation of the ammonia gas release in the Shiraz Petrochemical Complex, 4th Specialized Conference on Environmental Engineering.(In Persian)
- Bazyari M, Givehchi S, Risk Analysis of Oil Production Facilities Using PHAST Software to Develop Emergency Response Program, 2018, Fourth International Conference on Environmental Planning and Management.(In Persian)
- Aghrazi Dermani P, Amani H, Haji Mohammadi R, Modeling and Evaluation of the Leakage Consequences of the Salman Tree Ethylene Glycol Reservoir Using the PHAST Software, 1395, Third International Conference on Oil, Gas, Refining and Petrochemicals.(In Persian)
- Qajari M, Shishehsaz M, Fakhraei, S, Study of chlorine reservoir layout in Bidelband gas refinery to central building using PHAST software, 2017, International Conference on Modern Research in Engineering Sciences.(In Persian)
- Shakeri, H, Noroddini, A, Shahrakie, F, Effect of Material Loss on Residues on Process Incidents, 2013, 6th Specialized Conference on Environmental Engineering. (In Persian)