بررسی پاسخ‌های مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf به کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی تحت تنش شوری در اقلیم‌های فارس و تهران
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییمصطفی صالحی 1 , فاطمه نخعی 2 , سید غلامرضا موسوی 3 , رضا برادران 4
1 - گروه باغبانی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
2 - گروه باغبانی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
3 - مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی، گیاهان دارویی و علوم دامی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
4 - مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی، گیاهان دارویی و علوم دامی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, نیتروکسین, عملکرد برگ, رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی, قارچ مایکوریزا, بیوسولفور,
چکیده مقاله :
تغذیه گیاه از منابع مختلف کودی یکی از عوامل مهم به زراعی در گیاهان تحت تنش محسوب می شود. پژوهش حاضر به منظور مطالعه پاسخ های مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی علف لیمو (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) به کاربرد منابع مختلف کودی (شاهد، NPK، نیتروکسین، قارچ مایکوریزا و بیوسولفور) تحت تنش شوری آب آبیاری (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی مولار) در دو اقلیم (فارس و تهران) به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1400-1399 مورد اجرا قرار گرفت. صفات رشدی، عملکردی و همچنین صفات فیزیولوژیکی از جمله محتوای رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی و پرولین و صفات کیفی (درصد و عملکرد اسانس) اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که شوری (200 میلی‌مولار) اثرات منفی بر پارامترهای رشدی و عملکردی (وزن خشک و حجم ریشه، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ و عملکرد گیاه) داشت. بیشترین عملکرد گیاه در شوری صفر و 100 میلی مولار به ترتیب با میانگین 4183/1 و 4191/9 کیلوگرم در هکتار در منطقه فارس بدست آمد. در بین تیمارهای کودی، از نظر عملکرد گیاه تفاوتی وجود نداشت و همگی منجر به افزایش عملکرد در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شدند. استفاده از کود زیستی نیتروکسین تحت شرایط بدون تنش در منطقه فارس منجر به ایجاد بیشترین محتوای کلروفیل کل و a شد که در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب افزایش 51/3 و 47/0 درصدی داشتند. تنش شوری (200 میلی مولار) و استفاده از بیوسولفور در منطقه تهران منجر به بالا رفتن محتوای پرولین شد. استفاده از کود NPK و قارچ مایکوریزا تحت تنش شدید شوری در فارس منجر به افزایش 2/3 و 2/4 برابری درصد اسانس شدند. کمترین میانگین اسانس نیز در کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی در تهران مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد اسانس در کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا در تنش شوری متوسط در فارس به دست آمد که در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش 7/2 برابری داشت. تمامی تیمارهای کودی در سطح 200 میلی مولار در فارس نیز دارای بالاترین عملکرد اسانس بودند. به طور کلی، گیاه علف لیمو از تحمل خوبی در برابر تنش شوری آب آبیاری برخوردار بود و استفاده از کودهای NPK، نیتروکسین و مایکوریزا ضمن افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی، منجر به تعدیل اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش شوری نیز گردید.
Plant nutrition from different sources of fertilizers is one of the most critical factors for crop improvement under stress conditions. The purpose of this research was to study the morpho-physiological responses of the lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) medicinal plant to the application of different fertilizer sources (control, NPK, nitroxin, mycorrhizal fungi, and biosulfur) under irrigation water salinity stress (0, 100, and 200 mM) in two climates (Fars and Tehran), implemented as a factorial split-plot based on a randomized complete block design in three replications during 2020-2021. Growth and yield attributes and also physiological traits such as photosynthetic pigments, proline content, and qualitative characteristics (essential oil percentage and yield) were measured. Results showed that high salinity concentration (200 mM) negatively affected growth and yield parameters (root dry weight and volume, plant height, number of leaves, and plant yield). The highest plant yield was obtained at 0 and 100 mM salinity with an average of 4183.1 and 4191.9 kg.ha-1, respectively in Fars. Among the fertilizer treatments, there was no difference in terms of plant yield, and all of them led to an increase in yield compared to the control treatment. Using nitroxin biofertilizer under non-stress conditions in Fars region led to the highest total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a, which showed an increase by 51.3% and 47.0%, respectively, compared to the control. Salinity stress (200 mM) and the use of biosulfur in Tehran climate led to an increase in proline content. The use of NPK fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi under severe salinity stress in Fars led to increases by 2.3 and 2.4 times in essential oil percentage. The lowest average essential oil was also observed in the application of biological and chemical fertilizers in Tehran. The highest essential oil yield was obtained in the application of mycorrhizal fungi under moderate salinity stress in Fars, which was 2.7 times higher compared to the control. All fertilizer treatments at 200 mM level in Fars also had the highest essential oil yield. In general, the lemongrass plant had a good tolerance against the salinity stress of irrigation water and the use of NPK, nitroxin, and mycorrhiza fertilizers while increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield led to the adjustment of the adverse effects caused by the salinity stress.
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