بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی اوره و ‌اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی Physalis alkekengi L.

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

علی پزشکی ¹ , حسن نورافکن ² , مهدی اورعی ³ , ناصر محب علی پور ⁴ , اسد اسدی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
5 - استادیار، گروه دامپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/08/16 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/10/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/13

کلید واژه: وزن خشک, میوه, ریزوم, اسید فرولیک, عروسک پشت‌پرده, لوتئولین,

چکیده مقاله :

گیاه دارویی عروسک پشت پرده (Physalis alkekengi L.)، متعلق به تیره Solanacae است که به طور گسترده در طب سنتی از میوه آن برای درمان بیمارهایی نظیر سنگ کلیه و مجاری ادراری، نقرس و هپاتیت استفاده می شود. از آنجایی که استفاده از محرک های زیستی در کشاورزی می تواند در ارتقـای کمـی و کیفـی مـواد موثره گیاهان دارویی و بهبود عملکرد آنها موثر باشد، در این تحقیق اثر محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و اوره بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی این گیاه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه در سال 1398 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک (001/0، 0025/0، 005/0 و 01/0 میلی مولار) و اوره (25/0 ،5/0، 1 و 2 درصد) در سه مرحله با فاصله 10 روز یکبار در سه تکرار اعمال گردید. عصاره گیری اواسط شهریور ماه همزمان با برداشت به روش خیساندن انجام شد و میزان ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی در اندام هوایی با استفاده از دستگاه HPLC تعیین گردید. بر طبق نتایج تجزیه واریانس اثر تیمار محلول‌پاشی بر روی همه صفات مورفولوژیکی اندام هوایی (به جز عرض برگ)، صفات مورفولوژیکی ریشه و همچنین صفات عملکردی معنی دار بود. افزایش غلظت اوره و اسید سالیسیلیک در بیشتر صفات اندازه گیری شده اثر مثبتی نشان داد و بیشترین افزایش در صفات مذکور عمدتا مربوط به کاربرد غلظت های اوره 1 و 2 درصد و اسید سالیسیلیک 01/0 میلی مولار بود. استفاده از غلظت های اوره 1 درصد و اسید سالیسیلیک 01/0 میلی مولار در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد موجب افزایش تعداد میوه (به ترتیب 8/76 و 6/64 درصد)، قطر میوه (به‌ترتیب 3/17 و 7/25 درصد)، طول میوه (به‌ترتیب 07/15 و 4/33 درصد)، وزن تر اندام هوایی (به‌ترتیب 9/29 و 4/56 درصد) و وزن خشک اندام هوایی (به‌ترتیب 4/28 و 4/61 درصد) شد. به علاوه با افزایش غلظت اسید سالیسیلیک‌ میزان ترکیبات لوتئولین، کوئرستین، کامفرول، اسید فرولیک و اسید کلوروژنیک در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Physalis alkekengi L. belongs to the Solanacae family and its fruit is widely used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as kidney and urinary tract stones, gout and hepatitis. Since the use of biostimulants in agriculture can be effective in improving the quantity and quality of active ingredients of medicinal plants and improving their yield, in this study, to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid and urea foliar application on morphological characteristics and phytochemical composition of this plant an experiment in a completely randomized design in research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch in 2019 was conducted. Spraying salicylic acid (0.001, 0.0025, 0.005 and 0.01 mM) and urea (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2%) was applied in three stages with an interval of 10 days in three repetitions. Extraction was performed simultaneously with harvest (mid-September) by soaking method and the amount of phytochemical compounds in the shoot was determined using HPLC. Based on the results of variance analysis, the effect of foliar application on all morphological traits of shoots (except leaf width), root morphological traits and yield traits was significant. Increasing the concentration of urea and salicylic acid in most of the measured traits showed a positive effect. The highest increase in the mentioned traits was mainly related to the concentrations of 1% and 2% urea and salicylic acid 0.01 mM. Compared to the control, concentrations of 1% urea and 0.01 mM salicylic acid increased the number of fruits (76.8% and 64.6%, respectively), fruit diameter (17.3% and 25.7%, respectively), fruit length (15.07 and 33.4%, respectively), fresh weight of shoots (29.9 and 56.4%, respectively) and dry weight of shoots (28.4 and 61.4%, respectively). In addition, with increasing salicylic acid concentration the amount of luteolin, quercetin, campferol, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid increased compared to the control treatment.

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