بررسی اثر کیتوزان و نانوکیتوزان بر خصوصیات زراعی و اسیدهای چرب امگا 3، 6 و 9 در برخی ارقام گیاه دارویی (Nigella sativa L.) تحت تنش خشکی

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

آتنا علاقمند ¹ , شهاب خاقانی ² , محمدرضا بی همتا ³ , مسعود گماریان ⁴ , منصور قربان پور ⁵

1 - گروه گیاهان دارویی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک- اراک- ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران
3 - دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران
5 - گروه گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/10/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/04/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/12/01

کلید واژه: تنش, سیاهدانه, کیتوزان, اسید چرب, نانوکیتوزان,

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده تنش آبی یکی از عوامل محدود کننده رشد گیاهان می باشد. به منظور بررسی اثر کیتوزان و نانوکیتوزان بر گیاه سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)تحت تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک در سال 1395 اجرا گردید. کرت اصلی شامل محلول پاشی با کیتوزان، نانوکیتوزان و شاهد و کرت فرعی شامل ارقام اراک، آذربایجان، سمیرم، یاسوج و تربت حیدریه بود. از ابتدای کاشت تا مرحله گلدهی آبیاری منظم وسپس آبیاری قطع و اقدام به محلول پاشی شد. بعد از ظهور 80 درصد گلچه در مزرعه نمونه برداری از کرتها انجام و صفات تعداد شاخه های فرعی، تعداد کپسول در گیاه، ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار دانه و درصد روغن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. درصد روغن و درصد اسیدهای چرب با استفاده از روش کروماتوگرافی گازی اندازه گیری شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اعمال تنش خشکی اجزاء عملکرد سیاهدانه را کاهش داد ولی سبب ارتقاء فاکتورهای کیفی همچون درصد روغن و برخی از اسیدهای چرب شد.بیشترین درصد روغن دانه در رقم آذربایجان (76/28 درصد) و کمترین در رقم سمیرم (39/26 درصد) مشاهده گردید.رقم یاسوج را میتوان به واسطه داشتن مقادیر بالای تعداد کپسول، وزن هزار دانه و وزن در متر مربع به عنوان رقم متحمل به تنش خشکی در نظر گرفت. تاثیر نانو کیتوزان در تعدیل اثرات ناشی از تنش بهتر از کیتوزان بود. ارقام آذربایجان و سمیرم بیشترین مقدار اولئیک اسید (امگا9)، رقم یاسوج بیشترین مقدار لینولئیک اسید (امگا6) و ارقام تربت حیدریه و اراک بیشترین مقدار لینولنیک اسید (امگا3) را به خود اختصاص دادند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abstract Water stress is one of the limiting factors of plant growth. In order to investigate the effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan on Nigella sativa L. under drought stress, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in research Field of Islamic Azad University Arak Branch in 2016. The main plots consisted of spraying with chitosan, nano-chitosan and water as control and the sub plots consisted of cultivars Arak, Azerbaijan, Semirom, Yasuj and Torbat-e-Heydariyeh. Irrigation was performed regularly from the beginning of planting until flowering stage and then stopped and spraying was achieved. After 80% emergence of floret, plots were sampled and number of secondary branches, capsules per plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight and oil percentage were evaluated. Percentages of oil and fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography.Experimental results were showed that drought stress reduced the components of black cumin yield but improved qualitative factors such as oil and fatty acids percentage. The highest and lowest seed oil content was in Azarbaijan (28.76%) and Semirom (26.39%), respectively. Yasuj can be considered as a drought tolerant cultivar due to its high content of capsules, 1000-grain weight and weight/m2. The effect of nano-chitosan in moderating stress-induced effects was better than chitosan. Azerbaijan and Semirom cultivars had the highest amount of oleic acid (Omega 9), Yasuj cultivar had the highest amount of linoleic acid (Omega 6) and Torbat Heydariyeh and Arak cultivars had the highest amount of linoleic acid (Omega 3).

منابع و مأخذ:

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