تأثیر کاربرد سطوح مختلف کودهای آلی بر خصوصیات کمی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی (Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand)

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

مهدی قسمتی ¹ (علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند)
فرید مرادی نژاد ² (دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/08/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/05/17 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/06/01

کلید واژه: کمپوست زباله شهری, کود گاوی, کود گوسفندی, مورتلخ,

چکیده مقاله :

به دلیل عدم آگاهی از پرورش مورتلخ (Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand) این گیاه به صورت غیر اصولی و بی رویه از عرصه‌های طبیعی مناطق جنوبی برداشت می‌شوند بنابراین برنامه‌های توسعه کشت و پرورش گیاه ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد. در زمستان 1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جهاد کشاورزی شهر لار آزمایشی جهت بررسی اثرات کودهای آلی شامل کود گوسفندی (20 ،40 تن در هکتار)، کود گاوی (20 ، 40 تن در هکتار)، کمپوست زباله شهری (10 ،20 تن در هکتار)، ورمی کمپوست (20 ،40 تن درهکتار) و شاهد (عدم مصرف کود) بر صفات کمی و شیمیایی گیاه مورتلخ در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار انجام شد. اواسط فروردین کل اندام رویشی گیاهان برداشت و وزن تر و خشک گیاه اندازه‌گیری شد و همچنین میزان آنتی اکسیدان کل، فنول و فلاونوئید برگ به روش اسپکتروفتومتری و درصد اسانس با روش تقطیر با آب و به وسیله دستگاه کلونجر تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار وزن تر و خشک بوته از تیمار 10 تن در هکتار کمپوست زباله شهری بدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار آنتی‌اکسیدان کل، فنول و فلاونوئید در تیمار 40 تن کود گاوی مشاهده شد. از بین تیمارهای مورد آزمایش فقط تیمار 10 تن در هکتار ورمی-کمپوست توانست افزایش معنی‌داری در مقدار اسانس نسبت به شاهد نشان دهد. بطورکلی وزن تر و خشک بوته بیشتر تحت تأثیر کود کمپوست زباله شهری افزایش یافت. تأثیر کودهای دامی بر مواد موثره نسبت به کود کمپوست بیشتر بود. و مقدار اسانس گیاه فقط تحت تأثیر ورمی‌کمپوست افزایش یافت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Due to unawareness of production method, improper uses and too much harvested this plant (Salvia mirzayanii ) natural of southern arenas, it seems that developing plans for its production is necessary. The experiment was carried out in the field research of Jahad Agricultural Center of Larestan, Fars province duoring winter 2017. The effects of different organic fertilizers including sheep manure (20 and 40 ton/ha), cow manure (20 and 40 ton/ha), compost (10 and 20 ton/ha), vermicompost (20 and 40 ton/ha) and control on physicochemical and quality traits Salvia mirzayanii were investigated in a complete random block design with four replications. Early in April, all vegetative organs of plants were harvested and dry and fresh weight of plantwere measureal. Also, the amount of total antioxidant, phenol and flavnoide of leaves were determinal spectrophtometi while essential oil percentage were determined distillation method with water and by Clevenger apparatus. The results showed that highest fresh and dry weight of the plant was obtained from the treatment of 10 ton/ha of compost. The highest amount of antioxidants, phenol and flavonoid total were observed in 40 ton/ha of cow manure treatment. Among applied the treatments only 10 ton/ha vermicompost significantly increased the amount of essential oil compared to control. In general greater fresh and dry weight of plant increased by compost fertilizers. Effect of manure on phytochemicals was higher than compost, and essential oil value of plant increased only by vermicompost application

منابع و مأخذ:

References

1. Abdalla, M.M., and El-Khoshiban, N.H. 2007. The influence of water stress on growth, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, some metabolic and hormonal contents of two (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. Journal of Applied Science Research, 3(12): 2062-2074.


2. Alinas Maso, M., and Basi, A.B. 2008. Evaluation of composting as a strategy for and yield of Plantago psyllium L. Egyptian Journal of Applied Science, 9(10): 58-62.


3. Alirezalu,  A.,  Ahmadi,  N.,  Salehi,  P., Sonboli,  A.,  Ayyari,  M.,  and  Hatami Maleki,  H. 2015.  Antioxidant  capacity in different organs of Hawthorn various species  (Crataegus  spp.).  Journal  Food Research, 25(2): 325-338.


4. Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi,  A.A., and Khanuja, S.P.S. 2005. Effects of organic  manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil  Sciences and Plant Analysis, 36: 1737-1746.


5. Ateia, E.M., Osman, Y.A.H., and Meawad, A.E.A.H. 2009. Effect of organic fertilization on yield and active constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. unde North Sinai conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(4): 555-565


6. Ayatollahi, A.M., Ghanadian, M., Att-ur-Rahman, R., Mesaik, M.A., Khalid, A.S., and Adeli, F. 2015. Methoxylated flavones from Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. and Esfand with immunosuppressive properties. Iranian Journal of pharmaceutical research, 14(3): 955.‏


7. Barker, A.V., and Bryson, G.M. 2006. Comparisons of compost with low or high nutrient status for growth of plants in containers. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 37: 1303-1319.


8. Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H., and Chern, J. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in Propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10: 178-182.


9. Croteau, r., Burbott, A.Y., and  Lommis, W.D. 1972.  Biosynthesis  of  monoed sesquiterpenes in peppermint. Phytochemistry, 11: 2937-2948.


10. Darzi, M., and Sadeghi Nekoo, B. 2016. Effects of organic amendments and Biofertilizer application on some morphological traits and yield of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.). Journal of Horticulture Science, 30(3): 491-500.


11. Deng, S.P., Parham, J.A., Hattey, J.A., and Babu, D. 2006. Animal manure and anhydrous ammonia amendment alter microbial carbon use efficiency, microbial biomass and activities of dehydrogenase and amidohydrolases in semi arid agro ecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology, 33: 258-268.


12. Donald, S.M.C., Prenzler, P.D., Autolovich, M., and Robards, K. 2001. "Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts". Food Chemistry, 73: 73-84.


13. Elsen, T.V. 2000. Species diversity as a task for organic agriculture in Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 77: 101-109.


14. Emami bistgani, Z., Syadat, S.E., Bakhshande, E. and Ghasemi pirbaloti, E. 2014.The effect of chemical, organic fertilizers and chitosan on physiological characteristics and the Phenolic Compounds of thyme (Thymus deanensis Celak) in shahrekord area. Better crops research, 7: 1-11.


15. Ghannadi, A.R. 2002. Salvia hydrangea Iranian Herbal Pharmacopeia, Tehran, pp. 57-65.


16. Gharib, F.A., Moussa, L.A., and Massoud, O.N. 2008. Effect of compost and bio-fertilizers on growth,  yield  and  essential  oil  of  sweet  marjoram  (Majorana  hortensis)  plant. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 10(4): 381-387.


17. Ghasemzadeh, A. and Jaafar, H.Z. 2011. Effect of CO₂ Enrichment on Synthesis of Some Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(2): 1101-1114.


18. Griffe, P., Metha, S. and Shankar, D. 2003. Organic production of medicinal, aromatic and dye-yielding plants (MADPs): Forward, Preface and Introduction, FAO, Rome, Italy.


19. Hajebi, A., and Soltanipoor, M. A. 2006. Influence of location and pre-treatments on seed germination of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. and Esfand. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22: 231-241.


20. Jafari, E., and Ghanbarian, G. 2015. Essential oil composition of aerial parts of salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand. from routhern Fars, Iran. Analytical chemistry letters, 5(5): 300-305.


21. Javidnia, K., Miri, R., Kamalinejad, M. and Nasiri, A. 2002. Composition of the essential oil of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand from Iran. Flavour and fragrance Journal, 17(6): 465-467.‏


22. Kalra A. 2003. Organic cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants. Journal of Organic Production of Medicinal. FAO, 22: 586–592


23. Karimi, S., Hemati, K., and Khairkhah, M. 2017. Effect of organic fertilizers on the morphophysiological characteristics of Ziziphoraclinopodioides Lam. Journal of Plant Production Research, 23(4):1-16.


24. Kokkini,  s.,  Karousou, D.  and  Vokou,  D. 1994. Pattern of geographic  variation of organum Vulgari trichumes and essential oil content in Greece. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 22: 517-528.


25. Lalande, R., Gagnon, B., Simard, R.R., and Cote, D. 2000. Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity following liquid hog manure in a long term field trial. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 80: 263-269.


26. Mallanagouda, B. 1995. Effect of N.P.K and FYM on growth parameters of onion, garlic and coriander. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science. 4: 916-918


27. Mckey, D. 1979. The distribution of secondary compounds within plants. In: Rosenthal GA, Janzen DH, editors. Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic Press, New York, Pp. 55-133.


28. Miri Arab, T., Piri, E., Tavassoli, A., and Babaeiyan, M. 2016. The effect organic fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of basil (Ocimum basilicum) in Sistan Region. Journal of Research on Crop Ecophysiology, 2(38): 327-338.


29. Muller, V., Lankes, C., Zimmermann, B.F., Noga, G., and Hunsche, M. 2013. Centelloside accumulation in leaves of Centella asiatica is determined by resource partitioning between primary and secondary metabolism while influenced by supply levels of either nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium. Journal of Plant Physiology, 170(13): 1165-1175.


30. Neamati, H ., Azizi, M., Mohammadi, S., and Karimpour, S. 2014. The study on the effect of spraying with different concentrations of vermicompost extract (Vermiwash) on the morphological traits, yield and percentage of essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Journal of Horticulture Science, 27(4): 411-417.


31. Nematollahi, A., Mirjalili, M., Hadian, J., and Yousefzadi, M. 2017. Chemical Diversity Among the Essential Oils of Natural Salvia mirzayanii (Lamiaceae) Populations from Iran.  Plant Production Technology, 9(1): 1-16.


32. Nguyen, P.h.M., Kwee, E.M., and Niemeyer, E.D. 2010. Potassium rate alters the antioxidant capacity and phenolic concentration of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. Food Chemistry, 123(4): 1235-1241.


33. Nourihoseini, S.M., Khorassani, R., Astaraei, A., Rezvani Moghadam, P., and  Zabihi, H. 2016. Effect of different fertilizer resources and humic acid on some morphological criteria,yield and antioxidant activity of black zira seed (Bunium persicum Boiss). Applied field crops research», 29(4): 43-50.


34. Ozgen, U.,  Mavi, A.,  Terzi,  Z.,  Coflkun, M., and Yildirim,  A. 2004.  Antioxidant  activity  and total  phenolic  compounds  amount of some Asteraceae species.  Turkish Journal Pharmacoloy Science. 1(3): 203-216


35. Pandey, R. 2005. Management of Meloidogyne incognita in Artemisia pallens with bio-organics. Phytoparasitica, 33(3): 304-308.


36. Pandey, R. 2005. Management of meloiogyne  incognita in Artemisia pallens with bio-organics. Phytoparasitica, 33(3): 304-308.


37. Rechinger, K.H. 1982. Flora Iranica, Labiatae, Akademische Druke-u. Velagsansalt. Graz. Austria. 150: 479.


38. Rezvani Moghadam, P., and Seyedi, S.M. 2015. The role of organic fertilizers and biological phosphorus and potassium uptake by Nigella (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Horticultural Science (Agricultural Science and Technology), 28(1): 43-53.


39. Safaei, L., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E., Afiuni, D., Davazdah Emami, S., and Shoaii, A. 2014. The effect of different nutrition systems on aerial parts and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak. Iranian journal of medicinal and aromatic plants, 30(5): 702-713.


40. Sajadi Nik, R., and Yadavy, A.R. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer, vermicompost and nitroxin on growth, phonological stages and grain yield. Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources. Electronic journal of crop production. 6: 73-99.


41. Sharifi, Z., and Haghnia, G.H. 2008. Effect nitroxin biological fertilizer on yield and yield components wheat sabalan. the national conference of ecological agriculture. Iran. Gorgan.104-108.


42. Siddiqui, M.H., Oad, F.C., and Jmaro, M.G.H. 2006. Emergence and nitrogen use efficiency of maize under different tillage operation and fertility levels.Asian Journal of plant Sciences, 5(3): 508-510.


43. Sousa, C., Pereira, D.M., Pereira, J.A., Bento, A.,Rodrigues, M.A., Dopico Garcıa, S., Valenta, O.P., Lopes, G., Ferreres, Federico, Seabra, R.M., and Andrade, P.B. 2008. Multivariate analysis oftronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var.costata DC) phenolics: influence of fertilizers.Journal of  Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(2):2231-2239.


44. TahamyZarandi, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Jahan, M. 2010. Comparing the effect of organicand chemical fertilizers on yield and essential oilpercentage of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journalof Agricultural Ecology, 2(1): 63-74.

 

1. Trendafilova, A., Todorova, M., Vassileva E., and Ivanova, D. 2010. Comparative study of total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of conventionally and organically grown herbs. Botanica Serbica. 34(2): 133-136.


2. Trendafilova, A., Todorova, M., Vassileva, E., and Ivanova, D. 2010. Comparative study of total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of conventionally and organically grown herbs. Botanica serbica, 34(2): 133-136.


3. Wang,  S.,  Melnyk,  J.P.,  Tsao,  R.,  and  Marcone, M.F. 2011.  Review  how  natural dietary antioxidants in fruits,  vegetables and legumes promote vascular health. Food Research International, 44: 14-22.