مطالعه تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره برگ گیاه.Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni آبیاری شده با آب شور مغناطیس در استان گلستان

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

مادح احمدی ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
عظیم قاسم نژاد ² (دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
علیرضا صادقی ماهونک ³ (دانشیار، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان،)
عباس رضایی اصل ⁴ (استادیار، گروه بیوسیستم، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان،)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/08/26 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/06/11

کلید واژه: شوری, استویا, قند, آب مغناطیس شده, ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی,

چکیده مقاله :

گیاه استویا (.Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) از جمله گونه‌های ارزشمند دارویی است که مصارف فراوانی در صنایع غذایی و دارویی دارد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی و مقاومت به شوری استویا و افزایش راندمان مصرف آب شور به کمک میدان مغناطیسی انجام شد. آزمایش با 4 سطح شوری (صفر، 2، 4 و 6 دسی‌زیمنس بر مترمربع) و 3 سطح آب مغناطیس (صفر، 3000 و 6000 گوس) به‌عنوان تیمار در سه تکرار اجرا شد. در شهریور 1393 نمونه‌های برگ گیاه قبل از گلدهی از مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان جمع‌آوری گردید. ارزیابی پارامترهای ‌فنل کل با استفاده از روش فولین سیوکالتیو، فلاونوئید کل با رنگ‌سنجی آلومینیوم کلراید، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی به روش DPPH و قند کل و احیاء به روش فهلینگ اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج بیانگر اثر معنی‌دار شوری بر میزان فنل و فلاونوئید کل در سطح احتمال 1 درصد بود، به‌طوری که با افزایش سطح شوری، میزان فنل و فلاونوئید کل کاهش یافت اما اثر آن بر فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، قند کل و احیاء معنی‌دار نبود. پارامتر‌های اندازه‌گیری شده تحت تأثیر آب‌شور مغناطیس شده قرار نگرفت. با این وجود قند کل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی تحت تأثیر تیمار اثر متقابل آب شور و شدت میدان مغناطیسی قرار گرفت. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج تحقیق حاضر استویا جزو گیاهان حساس به شوری قرار می‌گیرد که پیش تیمار آب آبیاری با میدان مغناطیسی در این مورد مؤثر نیست.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. is one of the valuable medicinal plants, in which extremely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries as a sources of non-calories sugar. The present experiment was carried out investigation of phytochemical variation, resistance to salinity and increasing the saline water usage efficiency using magnetic field. Experiment was evaluate by using four levels of salinity (0, 2, 4 and 6ds/m2) and three levels of magnetic fields (0, 3000 and 6000 G) as treatment in three replications. In September 2015 the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Were collected from the research field of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The total phenol content was measured by folin ciocalteu method, flavonoid content with aluminum chloride, antioxidant activity by DPPH methode and the total and reduced sugar content were measured by using Fehling methods. Results were showed that the salinity had significant influence on total phenol and flavonoid contents at 1% probability and by increasing the level of salinity the content of these compounds were decreased. The salinity did not have statistically significant effect on the other parameters like antioxidant activity, total sugar and reduced sugar. Although no significant effect of magnetic water was observed on these parameters, but the interaction effect of salinity and magnetic field on the antioxidant activity of extract and total sugar was significant. So according to present study, the stevia is sensitive to salinity of pre-treatments water with magnetic field in this case is not effective

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Bagherifard, A. 2013. Effect of magnetic salin water on the yield and some quality parameters of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaves. Master Thesis, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.


2. Bagherifard, A., Hamidoghli, A. 2015. The effect of magnetic saline water on absorption of sodium and potassium in artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaves. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 7(23): 176-184.


3. Banejad, H., Mokari Gahroodi, E., Esnaashari, M., Liaghat, A.M. 2013. Assessment of the interaction of magnetic water and salinity on yield and components of basil plant. Iranian Journal of lrrigation and Drainage. 7(2): 178-183.


4. Barefoot, R., Reich, C.S. 1992. The calcium factor: The scientific secret of health and youth. South eastern, PA: Triad Marketing, 5the edition.


5. Batcioglu, K., Ozturk, K., Atalay, S., Dogan, D., Bayri, N., Demirtas, H. 2002. Investigation of time dependent magnetic field effects on superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Journal of Biological physics and chemistry. 2: 108-112.


6. Bohnert, H.J., Jensen, R.G. 1996. Metabolic engineering for increased salt tolerance the next step. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 59: 661-667.


7. Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H., Chern, J. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 10: 178-182.


8. Dixon, R.A, Paiva, N. 1995. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell. 7: 1085-1097.


9. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O., Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Horticultural Science Abstracts. 69: 494.


10. Dubey, R.S., Singh, A.K. 1999. Salinity induces accumulation of soluble sugars and alters the activity of sugar metabolizing enzymes in rice plants. Biol. Plant, 42: 233-239.


11. Etesami, M., Galeshi, S. 2008. An evaluation reaction of ten genotype of barley in salinity on germination and seedling growth (Hordeum vulgar L). Journal Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 15(5): 39-46.


12. Fehling, F. 1849. "Die quantitative Bestimmung von Zucker und Stärkmehl mittelst Kupfervitriol". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 72 (1): 106–113.


13. Fisher, G., Tausz, M., Kock, M., Grill, D. 2004. Effects of weak 16 Hz magnetic fields on growth parameters of young sunflower and wheat seedlings. Bioelectromagnetics. 25: 638-641.


14. Ford, C.W. 1984. Accumulation of low molecular solutes in water stress tropical legumes. Phytochemistry, 23: 1007-1015.


15. Gadallah, M.A. 1999. Effect of proline and glycinebetaine on Viciafaba response to salt stress. Biologia Plantarum, 42: 249-257.


16. Gao, Z.F., Sagi, M., Lips, S.H. 1998. Carbohydrate metabolism in leaves and assimilate partitioning in fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) As affected bysalinity. Plant Science, 135:149 -159.


17. Gaofeng, Y., Xiaoping, W., Rongfang, G., Qiaomei, W. 2010. Effect of salt stress on phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, myrosinase and antioxidant activity in radish sprouts. Food Chemistry, 121: 1014-1019.


18. Ghasemi, A. 2009. Medicinal and Aromatic plants. Islamic Azad University press. ShahreKord, 536. (In Persian)


19. Hanen, F., Ksouri, R., Megdiche, W., Trabelsi, N., Boulaaba, M., Abdelly, C. 2008. Effect of salinity on growth, leaf-phenolic content and antioxidant scavenging activity in cynara cardunculus L. In: Abdelly, C., Ozturk, M. and Ashraf, Y.C. Grignon (Eds). Biosaline Agriculture and High Salinity Tolerance. Birkhauser Verlag / Switzerland. P: 335-343.


20. Hasegawa, P.M., Bressan, R.A., Zhu, J.K., Bohnert, H.J. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular response to high salinity. Annu- Rev, Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51: 463-499.


21. Hozayn, M., Qados, A. 2010. Irrigation with magnetized water enhances growth, chemical constituent and yield of chickpea (Circer Arietinum L.). Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(4): 671-676.


22. Hozayn, M., Abdei-Monem, A., Qados, A. 2011. Irrigation with Magnetized Water: A Novel Tool for Improving Crop Production in Egypt. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, 4206-4222.


23. Humphrey, T.V., Richman, A.S., Menassa, R., Jim, E. 2006. Spatial organisation of four enzymes from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni that are involved in steviol glycoside synthesis. Plant Molecular Biology, 61: 47–62.


24. Karuppusamy, S. 2009. A review on trends in production of secondary metabolites from higher plants by in vitro tissue, organ and cell cultures. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3(13): 1222-1239.


25. Koocheki, A., Salehi, M., Nassiri, M. 2002. Leaf chlorophyll and N content as indicators of salt tolerance. International Symposium On Optimum Resources Utilization in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions, 8-10 April, Cairo- Egypt.


26. Maheshwari, B.L., Harsharn Singh, G. 2009. Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: Its effects on vegetable crop yield and water productivity. Agricultural Water Management, 96: 1229-1236


27. Michiels, C., Raes, M., Toussaint, O., Remacle, J. 1994. Importance of Seglutathione peroxidase, catalase, and Cu/Zn- SOD for cell survival against oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 17(3): 235-248.


28. Miliauskas, G., Venskutonis, P.R., Vanbeek, T.A. 2004. Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chemistry, 85(2): 231-237.


29. Moussa, H.R. 2011. The impact of magnetic water application for improving common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. New York Science Journal, 4(6):15-20.


30. Navarro, J.M., Flores, P., Garrido, C., Martinez, V. 2006. Changes in the contents of antioxidant compounds in pepper fruits at different ripening stages, as effected by salinity. Food Chemistry, 96: 66-73.


31. Ojha, A., Sharma, V.N., Sharma,V. 2010. An efficient protocol for in vitro clonal propagation of natural sweetener plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.). African Journal of Plant Science, 4(8): 319-321.


32. Rezazadeh, A. 2011. Effect of soil salinity (natural condition) and varity on the plant stability and the yield and quality of polyphenol compounds of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaves. Master Thesis, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Resources.


33. Singh, S.K., Sharma, H.C., Goswami, A.M., Datta, S.P., Singh, S.P. 2000. In vitro growth and leaf composition of grapevine cultivars as affected by sodium chloride. Biologia Plantarum, 43: 283-286.


34. Slinkard, K., Singleton, V.L. 1977. Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal Enology and Viticulture, 28: 49-55.


35. Suchitra, K., Babu, E.A. 2011. A pilot study on silt magnetized and non-magnetized water in the on-farm water use efficiency management. Centre for Water Resources, Anna University, Chennai, India.


36. Wanichan, p., Kirdmanee, C., Vutyano, C. 2003. Effect of salinity on biochemical and physiological Characteristics in correlation to selection of salt tolerance in Aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Science Asia, 29: 333-330.