شناسایی اکسیشن¬های چای غنی از آنتوسیانین در مناطق مختلف چایکاری استان گیلان
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
طاهره رضایی
1
(گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه گیلان)
امیر صحرارو
2
(عضو هئیت علمی گروه باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه گیلان)
احسان کهنه
3
(پژوهشکده چای، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، لاهیجان، ایران)
معظم حسن پوراصیل
4
(گروه علوم باغبانی- دانشگاه گیلان)
کلید واژه: چای, ژنوتیپ, آنتوسیانین, ارغوانی,
چکیده مقاله :
تنوع‌بخشی به محصولات و افزایش ارزش‌افزوده با تولید فرآورده‌های جدید دارویی و بهداشتی از چای، یک روش استراتژیک برای بهبود وضعیت تولید و اقتصادکردن چای است. در سالیان اخیر ژنوتیپ¬های چای حاصل از انتخاب طبیعی بارنگ برگ ارغوانی در برخی از کشورهای چای¬خیز معرفی‌شده است. با توجه به اینکه امکان حضور این قبیل ژنوتیپ¬ها در باغ¬های چای گیلان نیز وجود دارد، تحقیق حاضر باهدف شناسایی و انتخاب بوته¬های چای بارنگ ثابت ارغوانی که حاوی مقادیر بیشتر آنتوسیانین است اجرا شد. بدین منظور با پایش میدانی، بوته‌های چای ارغوانی با رنگ پایدار از شهرهای استان گیلان شناسایی و پلاک‌گذاری گردید و سپس برگ‌ها (یک غنچه و دو برگ) برای آنالیز مقدار رنگدانهها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که عوامل محیطی، تغذیه خاک و عملیات هرس در مکان‌های مختلف توانسته تأثیر مثبتی بر میزان رنگدانهها در طی رشد و نمو بوته‌های چای ارغوانی داشته باشد. به‌طوری‌که نمونه شماره‌های 10 5983/12 μg · g–1, DW))، 19 4865/50 μg · g–1, DW)) و 16 (4451/10 μg · g–1, DW) به ترتیب در شهرستان‌های لاهیجان و آستانه‌اشرفیه دارای بیشترین فعالیت آنتوسیانین و کمترین فعالیت آنتوسیانین در نمونه شماره3 (1390/93 μg · g–1, DW) در شهرستان لنگرود بود. بالاترین میزان کلروفیل¬های a، کل و کاروتنوئید در نمونه شماره 35 به ترتیب (1/07, 1/53 and 2.49 mg·g −1 DW) و کمترین مقدار کلروفیل¬های a، کل و کاروتنوئید در نمونه شماره 5 به ترتیب (0/46, 0/71 and 1/26 mg·g −1 DW) در شهرستان آستانه‌اشرفیه به دست آمد که عواملی از قبیل (شدت تابش، حاصلخیزی خاک، ارتفاع از سطح دریا و عملیات هرس) در این پدیده دخیل بودند. لذا اکسیشن¬های با مقدار بالاتر و تغییرات زمانی کمتری در مقدار آنتوسیانین دارد می‌تواند برای تحقیقات بعدی به منظور تولید نهال چای غنی از آنتوسیانین مورد پایش و مطالعه قرار گیرد.
Diversifying products and increasing added value by producing new medicinal and health products from tea is a strategic method to improve the production situation and economize tea. In recent years, tea genotypes resulting from the natural selection of the purple-leafed variety have been introduced in some tea-growing countries. Considering that there is a possibility of the presence of such genotypes in the tea gardens of Gilan, the present research was carried out to identify and select the constant purple-colored tea plants that contain higher amounts of anthocyanins. For this purpose, through field monitoring, purple tea plants with stable color were identified and labeled from the cities of Gilan province, and then the leaves (one bud and two leaves) were examined to analyze the amount of pigments. The results showed that the environmental factors, soil nutrition and pruning operations in different places had a positive effect on the amount of pigments during the growth and development of purple tea plants. So that sample numbers 10 (12.5983 μg·g–1, DW), 19 (50.4865 μg·g–1, DW)) and 16 (10.4451 μg·g–1, DW) respectively in Lahijan and Astana Ashrafieh had the highest anthocyanin activity and the lowest anthocyanin activity in sample number 3 (1390/93 μg·g–1, DW) in Langrod city. The highest amount of chlorophyll a, total and carotenoid in sample number 35 (1.07, 1.53 and 2.49 mg·g −1 DW) respectively and the lowest amount of chlorophyll a, total and carotenoid in sample number 5, respectively (0.46, 0.71 and 1.26 mg·g −1 DW) were obtained in Astana Ashrafieh, and factors such as (radiation intensity, soil fertility, altitude above sea level and pruning operation) were involved in this phenomenon. Therefore, extractions with a higher amount and less temporal changes in the amount of anthocyanin can be monitored and studied for future research to produce tea seedlings rich in anthocyanin.
علي احيايي، مريم. 1373. شرح روشهاي تجزية شيميايي خاك. نشريه فني شماره .893. موسسه تحقيقات خاك و آب. تهران، ايران.
Abd El-Wahab, A., Zayed, A. E. M., Moustafa, A. E. R., Klopatek, J., and Helmy, M. (2018). Landforms, vegetation, and
soil quality in south Sinai, Egypt. Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(2): 127-138. Arnon, D.S. (1967). Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in Beta Vulgaris, journal of Plant
Physiology.24 ,1 -15. Azizatuv, R., and Rahmawati, D. L. (2021). Effect of the abiotic factor on Schleichera oleosa chlorophyll level. El Hayah.
Journal Biological, 8(2): 55-61. Bai, S., Saito, T., Honda, C., Hatsuyama, Y., Ito, A., and Moriguchi, T. (2014). An apple B-box protein, MdCOL11, is
involved in UV-B-and temperature-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Planta, 240(5):1051-1062. Ban, Y., Honda, C., Hatsuyama, Y., Igarashi, M., Bessho, H., and Moriguchi, T. (2007). Isolation and functional analysis of a MYB transcription factor gene that is a key regulator for the development of red coloration in apple skin. Plant
and Cell Physiology, 48(7):958-970. Bongue-Bartelsman, M. and Phillips, D.A. (1995). Nitrogen stress regulates gene expression of enzymes in the
flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of tomato. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 33(5): 539-546. Cabrera, C., Giménez, R., and López, M. C. (2003). Determination of tea components with antioxidant activity. Journal
of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(15): 4427-4435. Chen X, Wang, P., Zheng, Y., Gu, M., Lin, X., Wang, S., Jin, S., Ye, N. (2020). Comparison of metabolome and transcriptome of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in a purple-leaf tea germplasm ‘Jinmingzao’ and a Green-leaf tea germplasm ‘Huangdan’ reveals their relationship with genetic mechanisms of color formation. International Journal
Molecular Science. 21(11): 4167. Eichholz, I., Rohn, S., Gamm, A., Beesk, N., Herppich, W. B., Kroh, L. W., and Huyskens-Keil, S. (2012). UV-B-mediated
flavonoid synthesis in white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L). Food Research International, 48(1): 196-201. Giusti, M., and Wrolstad, R. E. (2001). Characterization and measurement of anthocyanins byUV-Visible Spectroscopy. Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry.John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hayat K, Iqbal H, Malik U, Bilal U, Mushtaq S. 2015. Tea and its consumption: benefits and risks. Critical Reviews Food
Sciences Nutrre. 55(7):939–954. Hodgson, J. M., and Croft, K. D. (2010). Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular health. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 31(6):
495-502. Huang, K.-L., Miyajima, I., Okubo, H., Shen, T.-M., and Huang, T.-S. (2002). Breeding of colored tuberose (Polìanthes) and cultural experiments in Taiwan. ISHS Acta Horticulturae.In VIII International Symposium on Flower bulbs570
(8):367-371). Kilel, E. C., Faraj, A. K., Wanyoko, J. K., Wachira, F. N., and Mwingirwa, V. (2013). Green tea from purple leaf coloured
tea clones in Kenya – Their quality characteristics. Food Chemistry 141(2):769-775. Kumari M, Thakur S, Kumar A, Joshi R, Kumar P, Shankar R, Kumar R. (2019). Regulation of color transition in purple
tea, (Camellia sinensis). Planta. 251(1):3-8. Li, W., Tan, L., Zou, Y., Tan, X., Huang, J., Chen, W., and Tang, Q. (2020). The effects of ultraviolet A/B treatments on anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression in dark-purple tea cultivar ‘Ziyan’ (Camellia sinensis). Molecules,
25(2): 354-369. Liu, W., Yin, D., Li, N., Hou, X., Wang, D., Li, D and Liu, J. (2016). Influence of environmental factors on the active substance production and antioxidant activity in Potentilla fruticosa L. and its quality assessment. Scientific Reports,
6(1): 1-18. Marsac, NT and Houmard, J. (1993). Adaptation of cyanobacteria to environmental stimuli: new steps towards
molecular mechanisms. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 10(1-2): 119-189. Mazza, G., and Miniati, E.1993.Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables and Grain. Ist Edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.,
ISBN, 10(0849301726): 85-129. Nakhumicha Muriithi, A., Wamocho, L. S., and Njoroge, J. B. M. (2009). Effect of pH and magnesium on color
development and anthocyanin accumulation in Tuberose florets. African Crop Science Society, 9(143): 227-234. Payyavula, R. S., Navarre, D. A., Kuhl, J. C., Pantoja, A., and Pillai, S. S. (2012). Differential effects of environment on
potato phenylpropanoid and carotenoid expression. BMC Plant Biology, 12(1), 1-17. Quian-Ulloa, R., and Stange, C. (2021). Carotenoid biosynthesis and plastid development in plants: the role of light.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(3): 1184-1194. Sano, T., Horie, H., Matsunaga, A., and Hirono, Y. (2018). Effect of shading intensity on morphological and color traits and on chemical components of new tea (Camellia sinensis L.) shoots under direct covering cultivation. Journal of
the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(15): 5666-5676. Shen, J., Zou, Z., Zhang, X., Zhou, L., Wang, Y., Fang, W., Zhu, X. (2018) Metabolic analyses reveal diferent mechanisms
of leaf color change in two purple-leaf tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars. Horticulturae Research, 5(7):1-14. Shimoda, H., Hitoe, S., Nakamura, S., and Matsuda, H. (2015). Purple tea and its extract suppress diet-induced fat accumulation in mice and human subjects by inhibiting fat absorption and enhancing hepatic carnitine
palmitoyltransferase expression. International Journal of Biomedical, Science,11(2):67-75. Shin, Y. H., Yang, R., Shi, Y. L., Li, X. M., Fu, Q. Y., Lu, J. L., and Liang, Y. R. (2018). Light-sensitive albino tea plants and
their characterization. HortScience, 53(2): 144-147.
Wan, X., (2008). Biochemistry of tea. China Agriculture Press, Beijing, China.18-32. Wei, K., Zhang, Y., Wu, L., Li, H., Ruan, L., Bai, P., and Cheng, H. (2016). Gene expression analysis of bud and leaf color
in tea. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 107(41):310-318. Xu, M. (2021). Advances in molecular mechanism of plant leaf color variation. Molecules Plant Breed. 10(5):13271-
13281. Zhang YJ, Gan RY, Li S, Zhou Y, Li AN, Xu DP, Li HB (2015). Antioxidant phytochemicals for the prevention and
treatment of chronic diseases. Molecules 20(12):21138–21156. Zhang, W., Seki, M., and Furusaki, S. (1997). Effect of temperature and its shift on growth and anthocyanin production
in suspension cultures of strawberry cells. Plant Science.127 (2): 207-214. Zhou, B., Fan, P., Li, Y., Yan, H., and Xu, Q. (2016). Exploring miRNAs involved in blue/UV-A light response in Brassica
rapa reveals special regulatory mode during seedling development. BMC Plant Biology, 16(1):1-13.