The Effect of Modified Collaborative Strategic Reading on EFL Learners' Reading Anxiety
الموضوعات :Shabnam Abbasnezhad 1 , مسعود ذوقی 2
1 - Department of ELT, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
2 - Department of ELT, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Cooperative learning, Reading anxiety, reading strategy instruction,
ملخص المقالة :
The present study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of reading instructional approach called MCSR- Modified Collaborative Strategic Reading on reducing intermediate EFL learner's reading anxiety. Based on a pretest-posttest design, MCSR was implemented with 64 EFL learners at intermediate level. They received EFL reading instruction according to MCSR over two and a half months. A questionnaire called English as a Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Inventory EFLRAI was group-administered atthepretest and the posttest. Quantitative results indicated that participating students demonstrated significant gains in reducing reading anxiety. This study highlighted our understanding by considering the effectiveness of MCSR program and also it elaborated the effects of using strategies like MCSR in overcoming the big problem of reading anxiety among EFL learners as non-native students. And teachers changed the focus of attention from using traditional methods for teaching the essential skill of reading to modern programs like MCSR in order to remove their students' anxiety and stress in reading.
Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope’s construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. Modern Language Journal, 78(2), 155-168. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1994.tb02026.x
Barnett, M.A. (1988). Reading through context: How real and perceived strategy use affects L2 comprehension. The Modern language Journal, 72, 150-162.
Birjandi, P., & Noroozi, I. (2008).The effect of cognitive strategies training on reading comprehension of male and female Iranian students. Roshd FLT Journal, 87(22), 35-41.
Cubukcu, F. (2008). Enhancing Vocabulary Development and Reading Comprehension through Metacognitive Strategies. Issues in Educational Research, 18(1),1-11.
Fan, Y.C. (2010). Implementing Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) in an EFL Context in Taiwan. Unpublished Thesis. Retrieved from http://Ira.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/434
Fowler, W. S., & Coe, N. (1976). Nelson English Language Tests. London: Butler
&Tannerltad.
Ghonsooly, B., & Elahi. M. (2010). Learners' self-efficacy in reading and its relation to foreign language reading anxiety and reading achievement. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 53(217), 45-67.
Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language: Moving from theory to practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Graves, M. F., Juel, C., & Graves, B.B. (2004).Teaching reading in the 21 century. (3rded.). Boston, Pearson Education, Inc.
Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching (4th ed.). Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.
Horwitz, E. K. (2000). It ain’t over ‘til it’s over: On foreign language anxiety, first language deficits, and the confounding of variables. Modern Language Journal, 84(2), 256-259.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. A. (1986).Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2),125-132. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x.
Kagan, S. (1994). Cooperative learning. San Juan Capistrano, CA: Resources for teachers
Khezrlou, S. (2012). Cognitive strategy training: Improving reading comprehension in the language classroom. The Journal of Teaching Language Skills, 3(4), 77–98.
Klingner, J. K., Vaughn, S., & Schumm, J. S. (1998). Collaborative Strategic Reading during social studies in heterogeneous fourth-grade classrooms. The Elementary School Journal, 99, 3-22.
Kouraogo, P. (1993). Language learning strategies in input-poor environments. System, 21, 165-173.
MacIntyre, P.O., & Gardner, R.C. (1991). Language Anxiety: Its Relation to Other Anxieties and to Processing in Native and Second Languages. Language Learning, 41, 85-117.
MacIntyre, P.D. (1995). How does anxiety affect second language learning? A reply to Sparks and Ganschow. Modern language journal, 75, 245-248.
Nuttall, Ch. (1996): Teaching reading skills in a foreign language. Macmillan-Heineman.
Olshavsky, J. E. (1976-1977). Reading as problem solving: An integration of strategies. Reading Research Quarterly, 12, 654-674. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/747446
Pani, S. (2004). Reading strategy instruction through mental modeling. ELT Journal, 58, 355– 362.
Phillips, E. M. (1992). The effects of language anxiety on students’ oral test performance and attitudes. The Modern Language Journal, 76 (1), 14-26. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1992.tb02573.x
Philip, B., & Kim Hua, T. (2006). Metacognitive strategy instruction for reading: correlation of cognition. Journal e-Bangi, 1, 1-27.
Saito, Y., Horwitz, E. K., & Garza, T. J. (1999).Foreign language reading anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 83(2), 202-218.
Sellers, V. D. (2000). Anxiety and reading comprehension in Spanish as a foreign language. Foreign Language Annals, 33 (5), 512-520.
Shi, Y. Z., & Liu, Z. Q. (2006). Foreign language reading anxiety and its relationship to English achievement and gender. Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages, 29, 59-65.
Singhal, M. (1998). Reading comprehension in the second language classroom: A hands-on approach to teaching and learning reading strategies. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED424748)
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Principal components and factor analysis. In B.G.Tabachnick & L. S. Fidell, Using multivariate statistics (4th ed., pp. 582 - 633). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Vaughn, S., & Edmonds, M. (2006). Reading comprehension for older readers. Intervention in School and Clinic, 41(3), 131-137.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Zoghi, M. (2002). Building reading skills up at the tertiary level. Roshd FLT Journal, 78(69), 27-37.
Zoghi, M. (2012). An instrument for EFL reading anxiety: Inventory construction and preliminary validation. The Journal of ASIA TEFL, 9(1), 31-56.
Zoghi, M., Hazita A., &Tg Nor Rizan, Tg. M. M. (2006). CSR II: An instructional technique for reading strategies. The Proceedings of SoLLs. INTEC.07: Malaysia: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Zoghi, M., Mustapha, R., Maasum, Tg Nor Rizan, M. (2010). Collaborative Strategic Reading with University EFL Learners. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 41 (1),67-94.
