تأثیر محلول‌پاشی سیتوکینین بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد ارقام کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) تحت شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
هادی سالک معراجی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)
افشین توکلی
2
(دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)
نیازعلی سپهوند
3
(استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج، ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, رقم, تنش, بنزیل‌آمینو پورین, Chenopodium quinoa,
ملخص المقالة :
خشکی به عنوان مهم ترین تنش غیرزنده می تواند رشد و نمو و عملکرد گیاهان را کاهش دهد. کینوا گیاهی با ارزش غذایی بالا و متحمل به خشکی است. به منظور بررسی اثر محلول پاشی سیتوکینین بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد ارقام کینوا، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1396 به صورت طرح اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو سطح آبیاری (آبیاری مطلوب (4/0- مگاپاسکال) و تنش خشکی (5/1- مگاپاسکال)) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و فاکتورهای فرعی شامل چهار رقم کینوا (Q 26، Q 29، Giza 1 و Red Carina) و محلول پاشی با هورمون سیتوکینین در سه سطح (صفر، 50 و 100 میکرومولار) بودند. تیمار آبیاری و رقم در این بررسی بر تمام صفات مورد ارزیابی اثر معنی داری داشتند. محلول پاشی با سیتوکینین بر تمام صفات مورد ارزیابی، به غیر از طول خوشه اصلی و شاخص سبزینگی، اثر معنی داری داشت. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه با 7/2364 و 8/1701 کیلوگرم در هکتار، به ترتیب در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی به دست آمدند. تنش خشکی سبب کاهش 28 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در رقم Giza 1 (6/2746 کیلوگرم در هکتار) وRed Carina (7/2589 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد 100 میکرومولار سیتوکینین حاصل گردید. محلـول پاشی سیتوکینین بر عملکرد دانه ارقام Q 26 و Q 29 اثر معنی داری نداشت. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده می توان رقم Giza 1 را به عنوان رقمی مناسب جهت کشت در شرایط مطلوب و تنش خشکی مورد توجه قرار داد.
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· Jacobsen, S.E., F. Liu, and C.R. Jensen. 2009. Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Scientia Horticulturae. 122(2): 281-287.
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· Kang, N.Y., C. Cho, N.Y. Kim, and J. Kim. 2012. Cytokinin receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways in the dehydration response of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Plant Physiology. 169(14): 1382-1391.
· Kazan, K. 2015. Diverse roles of jasmonates and ethylene in abiotic stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science. 20(4): 219-229.
· Kilic, H., and T. Yağbasanlar. 2010. The effect of drought stress on grain yield, yield components and some quality traits of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) cultivars. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 38(1): 164-170.
· Mafakheri, A., A.F. Siosemardeh, B. Bahramnejad, P.C. Struik, and Y. Sohrabi. 2010. Effect of drought stress on yield, proline and chlorophyll contents in three chickpea cultivars. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 4(8): 580-585.
· Mahrokh, A., M. Nabipour, H. Roshanfekr, and R. Choukan. 2019. Response of some grain maize physiological parameters to drought stress and application of auxin and cytokinin hormones. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 12(1):1-15. (In Persian).
· Marsch-Martinez, N., D. Ramos-Cruz, J. Irepan Reyes-Olalde, P. Lozano-Sotomayor, V.M. Zuniga-Mayo, and S. De Folter. 2012. Arabidopsis gynoecia and fruit morphogenesis and patterning. The Plant Journal. 72(2): 222-234.
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