بررسی اثر دور آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت (مطالعه موردی: استان گلستان)
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
یاسر کردکتولی
1
,
حسین عجم نوروزی
2
,
ابراهیم امیری
3
,
افشین سلطانی
4
,
محمد رضا داداشی
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.
2 - استادیار فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، گرگان، ایران
3 - استاد گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد لاهیجان
4 - استاد فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي گرگان، گرگان، ایران
5 - استادیار گروه کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: هیبرید سینگل کراس 704, گلستان, نیتروژن, فسفر, مدیریت آبیاری,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی مدیریت آبیاری و اثرات مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژنه بر روی ذرت هیبرید سینگل کراس 704 آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده، در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1394 و 1395 در استان گلستان، در مزرعه ای واقع در شهر مزرعه کتول، انجام شد. عامل اصلی، دور آبیاری بر حسب روز در چهار سطح شامل 7، 14، 21 و 28 روز و عامل فرعی، کود نیتروژنه در چهار سطح شامل 60، 120، 180 و 240 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل دور آبیاری و نیتروژن بر وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، نیتروژن دانه و عملکرد زیست توده معنی دار بود. نتایج نشان داد که آبیاری 28 روزه نسبت به آبیاری 7 تا 14 روزه عملکرد دانه و میزان نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم دانه را کاهش داد. افزایش کود نیتروژنه تا حد 180و 240 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد بیولوژیک، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه و میزان نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم دانه را افزایش داد. اما مصرف نیتروژن در مقادیر بیشتر در شرایط تنش (دور آبیاری 21 تا 28 روزه) نه تنها اثر مثبتی بر عملکرد نداشت بلکه در این شرایط عملکرد دانه نسبت به مصرف 180 تا 240 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار کاهش یافت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در ترکیب تیمار آبیاری 7 و 14 روزه و سطح نیتروژن 240 تا 180 کیلوگرم در هکتار و به میزان 12209، 11416 و 10147 کیلوگرم در هکتار به¬دست آمد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین بین دو سال نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد دانه در بلال583 عدد، تعداد دانه در ردیف 3/40 عدد، وزن هزار دانه 138/9 گرم و نیتروژن دانه 3/991 میکروگرم بر گرم و زن خشک مربوط به سال دوم بود.
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