Study the Effect of Interval Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Case study; Golestan Province)

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Ecophysiology

Yaser  kordkatooli ¹ (ph.D. student, agronomy department, agricultural faculty, Gorgan branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran)
حسین  عجم نوروزی ² (Assistant Professor, Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran)
Ebrahim  Amiri ³ (Professor, Water Engineering Department, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran)
Afshin   Soltani ⁴ (Professor, Crop Physiology, University of Gorgan Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
Mohamad Reza   Dadashi ⁵ (Department of Agriculture, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran)

Received: 2021-11-23 Accepted : 2022-04-21 Published : 2023-12-11

Keywords: Golestan, Irrigation Management, Nitrogen, Phosphate, SC704 hybrid,

Abstract :

In order to investigate irrigation management and the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid corn SC704 experimental in the form of crushed plots in the form of complete randomized block design in three replications during two crop years 2015 and 2016 in Golestan province, in Katul was done. The main factor of irrigation cycle by day in four levels including 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and the secondary factor of nitrogen fertilizer in four levels included 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg.ha-1. The results of analysis of variance showed a significant effect between irrigation cycle and nitrogen on Weigh of 1000 grains, grain yield, seed nitrogen and biomass yield. The results showed that 28 days of irrigation reduced grain yield, seed nitrogen, seed phosphate and seed potassium compared to 7 to 14 days of irrigation. The increase in nitrogen fertilizer to 180 and 240 kg.ha-1 increased the yield of the grain by affecting the biological yield and yield components seed nitrogen, seed phosphate and seed potassium. However, nitrogen consumption in higher amounts under stress conditions (21 to 28 day Interval Irrigation) not only did not have a positive effect on yield, but also reduced grain yield by 180 to 240 kg.ha-1. The highest grain yield was obtained in the combination of 7 and 14 day irrigation treatment and nitrogen level of 240 to 180 kg.ha-1 and 12209, 11416, 10147 kg.ha-1. The results of the average comparison between the two years showed that the highest number of grains per corn was 583, the Number of grains per row as 40.3 and the Weigh of 1000 grains was 138.9 grams and seed nitrogen 3.991 µg.g-1 DW in the second year.

References:

Ahmadpour, A.R., B. Farhadi Bansoleh, and M. Ghobadi. 2016. Investigating of the effects of irrigation on growth and quality and quantitative attributes of maize in Kermanshah. Protection of Water and Soil Resources. 6(3): 99-112.
Alizadeh, H.A., and F. Abbasi. 2016. Optimization of water and fertilizer consumption in maize irrigation. Water Research in Agriculture (Soil and Water Science). 30(4b): 455-445.
Anonymous. 2021. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook: 2021–2030. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/agr-outl-dataen.
Azizi, F., and A. Mahrokh. 2011. Investigating the effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of several sweet maize hybrids. Agricultural Management Research. 3(4): 351-360.
Bruns, H.A., and H.K. Abbas. 2005. Ultra-high plant populations and nitrogen fertility effects on corn in the Mississippi Valley. Agronomy Journal. 97(4): 1136-1140.
Cambouris, A.N., N. Ziadi, I. Perron, K.D. Alotaibi, M. St. Luce, and N. Tremblay. 2016. Corn yield components response to nitrogen fertilizer as a function of soil texture. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 96(4): 386-399.
Costa, C., L.M. Stevart, and D.L. Smith. 2002. Nitrogen effects on grain yield and yield components of early and non-leafy maize genotypes. Crop Science. 42:1556-1563.
Crews T.E., and Peoples M. B. 2004. Legume versus Fertilizer Sources of Nitrogen: Ecological Tradeoff and Human Needs. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 102:279–297.
Dong, X., W. Xu, Y. Zhang, and D.I. Leskovar. 2016. Effect of irrigation timing on root zone soil temperature, root growth and grain yield and chemical composition in corn. Agronomy Journal. 6(2): 34-42.
Emam, Y. 2011. Cereal production. Shiraz University Press. Fourth edition.190 pages. (In Persian).
Ezadi, M. and Y. Imam. 2010. Planting pattern, plant density and nitrogen levels on grain yield and yield components of maize single cross 704. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 12(3): 46-58. (In Persian).
Fozi, N., and N. Jafarzadeh. 2010. Effect of weed control and nitrogen use in different steps on yield and yield components of maize. Research in Agricultural Sciences. 5 (10): 117-131.
Gholami, S., A. Amiri, H.R. Mobaser, and A.E. Mousavi. 2012. Investigating the effect of alternate irrigation and amount of nitrogen fertilizer on some growth indexes and maize yield. The First National Agricultural in Difficult Environments Conference. (In Persian).
Hamada, A.M., and A.E. EL-Enany. 1994. Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biologia Plantarum. 36: 75- 81.
He, Y., Y. Wei, R. DePauw, B. Qian, R. Lemke, A. Singh, and H. Wang. 2013. Spring wheat yield in the semiarid Canadian prairies: Effects of precipitation timing and soil texture over recent 30 years. Field Crops Research. 149: 329-337.
Hemmati, A., S. Vazan, and M. Sadeghi Shoa. 2012. The effect of planting pattern, nitrogen fertilizer amounts and false cultures on yield and yield components of maize cultivar single cross 704 under weed competition. Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 8(2): 21-31. (In Persian).
Karimi, A., M. Homari, M. Mazardelan, A. Liaqat, and F. Raeisi. 2006. Effect of fertilizer - irrigation on corn yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigation method- manuscript. Journal of Agricultural Science. 12(3): 34-48. (In Persian).
Lak, S.H., A. Naderi, S.A. Saidat, A. Ayenehband, Gh. Nourmohammadi, and S.H. Mousavi. 2008. The effects of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and plant population on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization of corn at climatic conditions of Khuzestan. Journal of Science Technology. 11(42): 1-14.
Lenka, S., A.K. Singh, and N.K. Lenka. 2009. Water and nitrogen interaction on soil profile water extraction and ET in maize–wheat cropping system. Agricultural Water Management. 96: 195-207.
Maharjan, B., C.J. Rosen, J.A. Lamb, and R.T. Venterea. 2016. Corn response to nitrogen management under fully-irrigated vs. water-stressed conditions. Agronomy Journal. 108(5): 2089-2098.
Mansoorifar, S., A.S. Fallah, and S.H. Hossein Zadeh. 2014. Determination of susceptibility of five maize hybrids to drought stress. New Agricultural Findings. 9 (2): 129-135. (In Persian).
Moeini, A., A. Neshat, N. Yazdanpanah, and A. Pasandi Pour. 2022. Effect of super absorbent polymer and soil texture affecting the physiological response of maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 16(1): 43-60. (In Persian).
Mohammadi, S.A., H.R. Khazaie, and A. Nezami. 2017. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management by carophilometer on yield and yield components of maize in low irrigation conditions. Iranian Agricultural Researches. 15 (1): 61-73. (In Persian).
Monem, R., F. Paknejad, A. Kashani, M.R. Ardakani, and A.S. Pazuki. 2013. Investigating the effect of nitrogen and winter cover plants on yield and yield components of maize in Shahr Ray. Agricultural Management Research. 5(4): 401-411.
Moser, S.B., B. Feil, S. Jampatong, and P. Stamp. 2006. Effects of pre-anthesis drought, nitrogen fertilizer rate, and variety on grain yield, yield components, and harvest index of tropical maize. Agricultural Water Management. 81(1-2): 41-58.
Nasrollah Zadeh Asl, V., S. Moharam Nejad, M. Yousefi, A. Bandeh Hagh, and L. Ebrahimi. 2017. Evaluation of grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under water restriction. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 27 (2): 96-85. (In Persian).
Paknezhad, F., S. Vazan, and J. Daneshian. 2009. Effect of drought stress and irrigation methods on yield and yield components of two corn hybrids. Agricultural Research. 2 (1): 17-32.
Rafiei Manesh, Sh., A. Ayeneh band, and R. Nabati Ahmadi. 2010. Effect of the amount of irrigation and irrigation time in different growth stages on yield and maize components of hybrid single cross 704 in Ahwaz weather conditions. Plant Physiology. 7(3): 93-105.
Re, M.Z., and M.D. Dukes. 2017. Irrigation scheduling using real-time soil moisture data in corn production. ASABE Annual International Meeting (p.1). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
Roberts, T.L., N.A. Slaton, J.P. Kelley, C.E. Greub, and A.M. Fulford. 2016. Fertilizer nitrogen recovery efficiency of furrow-irrigated corn. Agronomy Journal. 108(5): 2123-2128.
Roozbahani, T., Gh. Akbari, and M.A. Baghestani. 2009. Population dynamic of weeds in corn (Zea mays L.). Third Conference of Iranian Weeds Science. 1: 327-330. (In Persian).
Rostami Ajirloo, A.A., M.R. Asgharipour, A. Ganbari, M. Joudi, and M. Khoramivafa. 2019. Simulation the effect of climate change on growth period and yield of three hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) under low irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 17(1): 141-155. (In Persian).
Schlegel, A.J., F.R. Lamm, Y. Assefa, and L.R. Stone. 2018. Dryland corn and grain sorghum yield response to available soil water at planting. Agronomy Journal. 110(1): 236-245.
Schlegel, A.J., Y. Assefa, D. O’Brien, F.R. Lamm, L.A. Haag, and L.R. Stone. 2016. Comparison of corn, grain sorghum, soybean, and sunflower under limited irrigation. Agronomy Journal. 108(2): 670-679.
Sharifi, P., and M. Adelinasab. 2016. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on grain yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions. Cereal Research. 6(1): 119-132.
Sigua, G.C., K.C. Stone, P.J. Bauer, and A.A. Szogi. 2016. Nitrate leaching, water-use efficiency, and yield of corn with different irrigation and nitrogen management systems in coastal plains, USA. WIT Trans Ecol Environ. 203: 159-170.
Slaton, N.A., M. Mozaffari, L. Espinoza, T.L. Roberts, R.J. Norman, and J.P. Kelley. 2014. Nitrogen rate recommendations for corn grown on clayey and loamy soils. Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies. 60-67.
Soltani, M., F. Azizi, M.R. Chai chi, and H. Heidari Sharif Abadi. 2012. The effect of irrigation regimes on some physiological, morphological and grain yield of new maize hybrids. Agricultural Management of Plants and Seeds. 28-2 (3): 347-362.
Sotoodeh, A., T. Saki Nejad, A. Shokuhfar, S. Lak, and M. Majaddam. 2022. Effect of foliar application of Magnesium and Potassium sulfate on morphological, biochemical and yield characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) during water deficiet stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 16( 3): 307-324. (In Persian).
Sufi Zadeh, S., M. Agha Alikhani, M. Bonayan, A. Zand, G. Hongbum, and A. Mosaddegh Monshadi. 2011. Effect of nitrogen on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) under competition with Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Panicum miliaceum L. Ecological Agriculture. 2: 17-32.
Thomas, R., R. Sheard, and J. Moyer. 1967. Comparison of conventional and automated procedures for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium analysis of plant material using a single digestion. Agronomy Journal. 59: 240-243.
Torbert, H.A., K.N. Potter, and J.E. Morrison. 2001. Tillage system, fertilizer nitrogen rate and timing effect on corn yields in the Texas Backland Ppairie. Agronomy Journal. 93: 1119-1124.
Vinocur, B., and A. Altman. 2005. Recent advances in engineering plant tolerance to abiotic stress: Achievements and limitations. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 16(2): 123-132.