Translating Idioms: A Study on English Translation of The Date Palm
الموضوعات : نشریه تخصصی زبان، فرهنگ، و ترجمه (دوفصلنامه)
عبد المجید نصیری مقدم
1
,
ندا فاتحی راد
2
1 - کارشناس ارشد آموزش زبان انگلیسی، گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمان، کرمان، ایران
2 - استادیار آموزش زبان انگلیسی، گروه زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آ،زاد اسلامی واحد کرمان، کرمان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: Literary Translation, idiom, Translation strategy, Literary text,
ملخص المقالة :
The present study sought to investigate the idiomatic expressions in a literary Text based on Baker's (19992) model. More specifically, this study is conducted to find strategies for translating idioms into the English language. It also highlighted if Baker’s strategies were distributed equally through English translation. More importantly, the shortcomings of the idiom translations were presented. The corpus is composed of Moradi Kermani's The Date Palm as Source Text (ST), with the English translation as Target Text (TT) by Croskery (2017). Based on the received data, "translation by paraphrase" strategies have been used in many cases and frequently by the translator. This strategy is most commonly used in translating idioms when the translator cannot find any equivalents for the source idiom. The least frequent strategies related to "using an idiom of similar meaning and form" that translator attempts to find an expression in the target language which is equivalent to the source language both in terms of meaning as well as lexical items.
References
Abrams, M. H. (1993). A Glossary of Literary Terms. 6th edition. Fort
Worth: Harcourt Brace College Pub.
Ahmadi, S & Katebi, S. (2011). Translation procedures and problems of
color idiomatic expressions in English and Persian: Cultural
Comparison in Focus. The Journal of International Social
Research, 4 (17), Spring 2011.
Akbari, M. (2013). Strategies for Translating Idioms. Journal of
Academic and Applied Studies (Special Issue on Applied
Linguistics), 3(8) August 2013, pp. 32-41.
Baker, M. (1992). In Other Words: A coursebook on translation. London
and New York: Routledge.
Nasiri Moghadaam, A. M. & Fatehi Rad, N./ Journal of Language, Culture, and Translation 4(1) (2021), 63-
85
81
Bassnett, S. (2002). Translation Studies (3rded.). London and New York:
Routledge.
Bassnett-McGuire, S. (1980). Translation studies. London: Methue
Bassnett, S. & A. Lefevere (1998). Constructing cultures. Essays on
literary translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Belfaqeeh, N. (2009). Strategies for translating idioms and culturallybound expressions within the human development genre.
Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Birmingham.
Bell, R.T. (1991). Translation and translating: theory and practice.
London: Longman Group
Bell, R. T. (2001). Translation and translating. London and New York.
Longman.
Berman, A. (1985). Translation and the Trials of the Foreign. The
translation studies reader, 276-289.
Burns, N. & Grove, S.K. (2003). Understanding the Research Design.
Third ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Company.
Cacciari, C. 1993. The place of idioms in a literal and metaphorical world.
In C. Cacciari and P. Tabossi (eds.), Idioms: Processing,
structure, and interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, 27-55 .
Caroline, C. (2017). The Date Palm. Candle and Fog Publishing Ltd,
England.
Catford, J. C. (1965). A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford
University Press.
Chesterman, A. (ed.) (1989). Readings in translation theory. Helsinki:
Finn Lectura.
Che Sue, J. (2005). A study of Translation Strategies in Guillaume
OyonoMbia's plays. South Africa: University of South Africa.
Cowie, A.P., R. Mackin and I.R. McGraig (1983). Oxford dictionary of
current idiomatic English. Volume 2: Phrase, clause & sentence
idioms. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Davies, M. G. (2004). Multiple voices in the translation classroom:
Activities, tasks, and projects. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John
Benjamins.
Dumas, Bethany K., and Lighter, Jonathan. (1978). "Is Slang a Word for
Linguists?" American Speech 53 (5): 14-15
Elkilic, G. (2008). Turkish students’ understanding of transparent and
opaque idioms in English in reading as well as speaking. Journal
of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4, 27-41.
Nasiri Moghadaam, A. M. & Fatehi Rad, N./ Journal of Language, Culture, and Translation 4(1) (2021), 63-
85
82
Fernando, C. (1996). Idioms and idiomaticity. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Fitri, O.M, Faridi, A, & Hartono, R. (2019). Baker’s Strategies Used in
Translating English Idioms into Indonesian in Crazy Rich Asians
by Kevin Kwan. English Education Journal, 9 (3) (2019) 342 –
353.
Gottlieb, H. (1997). Quality Revisited: The Rendering of English Idioms
in Danish Television Subtitles vs. Printed Translation. In A.
Trosborg (ed.), Text Typology and Translation (pp. 309 – 338).
Amsterdam: John Benjamins B.V.
Haghshenas, Z. (2012). A cross-cultural study of animal symbolism in the
Persian. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 13-1146.
Hashemian, M. & Azeri, A. (2015). A Study of Applied Strategies in
Translating Idiomatic Expressions in Two Movie Subtitles: Bring
It On & Mean Girls. IJRELT- Volume 3, No. 2, Autumn & Winter
2015-16.
Hatim, B. & Munday, J. (2004). Translation: Advanced resource book.
London: Routledge.
Helleklev, C. (2006). Metaphors and terminology in social science: A
Translation and an analysis. Sweden: Vaxjo University.
Jensen, K. E. (2008). Metaphors and idioms in translation + feedback on
assignment # 4. Retrieved from www. hum. aau. dk/ ~kim
/TRO08/TROLN7.
Joodi, A. (2012). A Study of the Problems of Learning and Translating
Idioms. Of College of Education for Women, 23 (4) 2012.
Judd, C., & McCleland, G. (1989). Data Analysis. Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-516765-0
Kabir, S.M. (2016). Methods of Data Collection. Curtin Publication.
Karimi, A. (2014). Translatability of Persian idiomatic expressions to
English in political discourse. Journal of Teaching English
Language Studies (3), 2, 22-38.
Kazakova, T. (2015). Strategies of Literary Translation. Journal of
Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 12
(2015 8) 2842-2847.
Khazaeefar, A. (1384). Translation Theories: Past and Present. Letter of
Academy, 28, 69-79.
Khongbumpen, C. (2008). Strategies Employed in Translation from Thai
into English: A Case Study of an Article in Focus Bangkok.
Master’s Project, M.A. (English). Bangkok: Graduate School,
Srinakharinwirot University.
Nasiri Moghadaam, A. M. & Fatehi Rad, N./ Journal of Language, Culture, and Translation 4(1) (2021), 63-
85
83
Khosravi, S., & Khatib, M. (2012). Strategies used in the translation of
English idioms into Persian in novels. Theory and Practice in
Language Studies, 2 (9), 1854-1859.
Koskinen, I. (2003). Introduction to user experience and empathic design.
In: I. Koskinen, K. Battarbee, and T. Mattelmäki, Eds. Empathic
design, user experience in product design. Helsinki: IT Press, 37–
50.
Langacher, W.R. (1968). Language and its structure: Some fundamental
linguistic concepts. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World Inc.
Larson, M.L. (1984). Meaning-based translation: A guide to cross
language equivalence. London and New York: University Press
of America.
Lefevere, A. (1992). Translating literature. Practice and theory in a
comparative literature context. New York: Modern Language
Association of America.
Lorscher, W. (1991). Translation Performance, Translation Process, and
Translation Strategies: A Psycholinguistic Investigation.
Tübingen: Narr.
Makkai, A. (1972). Idiom structure in English. The Hague: Mouton & Co.
N.V.
Marashi, H., & Poursoltani, k. (2009). An analysis of Farsi into English
subtitling strategies employed in an Iranian feature film. Journal
of Teaching English as a Foreign Language and Literature, 1(1),
15-29.
Mieder, W. (2001). International Proverb Scholarship: An Annotated
Bibliography. Supplement III (1990-2000). Bern, New York:
Peter Lang.
Mollanazar, H. (2004). Principles and Methodology of Translation.
Tehran: SAMT
Munday, J. (2001). Translating the foreign: The invisibility of
Translation. In Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and
Applications. London and New York: Routledge.
Mustonen, S. (2010). Translating idioms: A Case Study on Donna Tartt's
The Secret History and Its Finnish Translation. Unpublished
master's thesis, University of Jyvaskyla.
Newmark, P. (1981). Approaches to translation. Oxford: Pergamon
Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Nida, A. & Taber, Ch. (1974). The Theory and Practice of Translation.
Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Nasiri Moghadaam, A. M. & Fatehi Rad, N./ Journal of Language, Culture, and Translation 4(1) (2021), 63-
85
84
Panou, D. (2013). Equivalence in Translation Theories: A Critical
Evaluation. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 3, No.
1, pp. 1-6.
Razmjou, L. (2002). Developing Guidelines for a New Curriculum for the
English Translation BA Program in Iranian Universities. Online
Translation Journal, 6 (2) http:// accurapid. com/ journal/
20edu1.htm
Šarčević, S. (2000). Translation Theory: a Receiver-oriented Approach.
Retrieved from http://www.tradulex.com/Actes2000/sarcevic.pdf
on 4 November 2013.
Schiel F, C. Heinrich & S. Barfüßer. (2011). Alcohol Language Corpus.
In: Language Resources and Evaluation, Springer, Berlin, New
York, Vol 45.
Shojaei, A. (2012). Translation of idioms and fixed expressions:
Strategies and difficulties. Theory and Practice in Language
Studies, 1220-1229.
Simon, M. K. (2011). Dissertation and scholarly research: Recipes for
success (2011 Ed.). Seattle, WA, Dissertation Success, LLC.
Sornuwannarsi, S. (2010). Translation of Idioms in Children's Literature
into Thai by SoomanaBoonyarattawech.
Strakšiene, M. (2009). Analysis of idiom translation strategies from
English into Lithuanian. Studies about Languages. NO. 14, 13-19.
http://www.kalbos.lt/zurnalai/14_numeris/03.pdf (accessed
07/03/2011).
Trim, J. (2003). Multilingualism and interpretation of language in contact.
In A. Tosi (Ed.), Crossing barrier and bridging cultures: The
challenges of multilingual translation for the European Union
(pp. 8-20) Great Britain: Cromwell Press.
Tousi, S. (2011). Employing compensation strategy in the translation of
idioms: A case study of the translation of Mark. International
Journal of Linguistics, 1-9.
Vehmas-Lehto, I. (2002). Copying or communicating? Introduction to
translation theory. Helsinki: Finn Lectura.
Venuti, L. (1995). The translator’s invisibility: A history of translation.
London & New York: Routledge.
Venuti, L. (1997). The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of
Difference. London and New York: Routledge.
Vinay, J.-P., & Darbelnet, J. (2000). A Methodology for Translation. An
excerpt from Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A
Nasiri Moghadaam, A. M. & Fatehi Rad, N./ Journal of Language, Culture, and Translation 4(1) (2021), 63-
85
85
Methodology for Translation, trans. In L. Venuti (Ed.). The
Translation Studies Reader (pp. 84–93). London: Routledge .
Wang, D. (2002). Domestication and Foreignization: A Contradiction? In
China Translation, Vol. 9, pp. 24-26.
Williams, J., & Chesterman, A. (2002). The Map. A beginner's Guide to
Doing Research in Translation Studies. Manchester and
Northampton: St. Jerome.
Wills, W. (1982). The science of translation: problems and methods.
Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Wright, J. (1999). Idioms Organizer. UK: Heinle.
Yang, W. (2010). Brief Study on Domestication and Foreignization in
Translation, Journal of Language Teaching and Research (1), 1,
77-80.
Yarmohammadi, L., & Rashidi, N. (2010). Research in the amount of
explicitness and concealment of the message in the selection of
Iranian newspaper’s editorials: A relationship between discursive
structures and underlying social ideologies. Name-ye Færhæng,
47(12), 63-75
منابع فارسی
مرادی کرمانی، هوشنگ. )1381 .)نخل. انتشارات معین. تهران، ایران
