بررسي عملكرد دانه آفتابگردان و ذرت در نسبت-هاي مختلف كشت مخلوط
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
کلید واژه: آفتابگردان, ذرت, عملكرد دانه, كشت مخلوط و نسبت برابري زمين.,
چکیده مقاله :
كشت مخلوط دو يا چند گياه، يك جامعه گياهي را به وجود مي¬آورند كه ممكن است از منابع محدود مورد نياز بهتر استفاده نمايند و در نتيجه كميت و كيفيت محصول بهبود پيدا مي¬كند. به منظور بررسي عملكرد دانه آفتابگردان و ذرت در نسبت¬هاي مختلف كشت مخلوط، آزمايشي در قالب طرح بلوك¬هاي كامل تصادفي طي سال 1388 با چهار تكرار در مزرعه ايستگاه تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي شهرستان خوي اجرا گرديد كه تيمارهاي مورد آزمايش عبارت بودند از m1 (كشت خالص آفتابگردان)، m2 (كشت مخلوط 50 درصد آفتابگردان + 50 درصد ذرت)، m3 (كشت مخلوط 25 درصد آفتابگردان + 75 درصد ذرت)، m4 (كشت مخلوط 75 درصد آفتابگردان + 25 درصد ذرت) و m5 (كشت خالص ذرت). نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه در آفتابگردان و ذرت عملكرد دانه و عملكرد بيولوژيك به طور معني¬داري تحت تأثير نسبت¬هاي مختلف كشت مخلوط قرار گرفتند، ارتفاع بوته هر دو گياه تحت تأثير هيچ يك از نسبت¬هاي مختلف كشت مخلوط قرار نگرفت. بالاترين عملكرد كشت مخلوط هر دو گياه مربوط به تيمار m3 (كشت مخلوط 25 درصد آفتابگردان + 75 درصد ذرت) بود. آفتابگردان در كشت مخلوط با نسبت 75 درصد ذرت و 25 درصد آفتابگردان، 6/10 درصد افزايش عملكرد و ذرت در همان نسبت كاشت، 23 درصد كاهش عملكرد نسبت به كشت خالص داشتند. هم¬چنين جهت ارزيابي كشت مخلوط، شاخص¬ نسبت برابري زمين محاسبه گرديد و بالاترين ميزان آن 1/2 به تيمار m3 (كشت مخلوط 25 درصد آفتابگردان + 75 درصد ذرت) تعلق داشت.
Intercropping of two or more plants creates a plant community that may take advantage of the limited resources which are needed to improve product quality and quantity. In order to investigate the study of grain yield of corn and sunflower in different ratios of intercropping, the experiment was conducted randomized complete blocks design with four replications in Khoy Agricultural and Natural Research Resources in 2009. The experimented treatments were, m1 (pure cropping of sunflower), m2 (50 percent of sunflower + 50 percent of corn of intercropping), m3 (25 percent of sunflower + 75 percent of corn of intercropping), m4 (75 percent of sunflower + 25 percent of corn of intercropping) and m5 (pure cropping of corn). The result showed that the stem diameter, seed yield and biological yield of maize and stem diameter, seed yield and biological yield significantly were affected by intercropping. The highest intercropping treatment was related to m3 (25 percent of intercropping of sunflower + 75 percent maize), respectively. The plant stem was not affected by none of the ratios of different intercropping. Sunflower planting mix of 10.6 percent in m3 (25 percent of sunflower + 75 percent of corn of intercropping) and 23 percent reduction of corn yield compared to m3 (25 percent of sunflower + 75 percent of corn of intercropping) were related to pure culture. To assess the intercropping indicators of land equivalent ratio and relative total value were calculated. The highest rate belonged to 2.1 and 2.6 treatment m3 (25 percent of intercropping of sunflower + 75 percent maize). Thus this combination of economic mix is recommended.
Atri, A. 1998. Study of competition, yield and yield components in corn and beans. Master's thesis, Department of Agriculture. Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University.
Banik, P., A. Midya., B. K. Sarkar, and S. S. Ghose. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems inadditive series experiment: Advantages and Somthering. European. J. Agron. 24: 324- 332.
Brummer, E. C. 1998. Diversity, stability and sustaib; e. American agriculture. Agron. J. 90: 1- 2.
Carter, J. F. 1978. Sunflower science and technology. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin. U. S. A. Pp: 25.
Hashemi Dezfuli, A., A. Ebdali, and A. Siadat. 2000. Effect of mixing rate and seeding date on yield and quality of forage and grain corn and sunflower in Ahvaz. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2 (2): 1- 4.
Hashemi Dezfuli, A., A. Siadat, and F. Sadeghzade. 2002. Evaluation of intercropping of two corn hybrids in different densities. Indian J. of Agric. Sci. 25: 73- 87.
Haungard-Nielsen, H., P. Ambus, and E. S. Jensen. 2001. Interspecific competition and weed in pea-barley intercropping. Field Crop Research. 70: 101- 109.
Herbert, S. J., D. H. Putnam., M. I. Proos-Floyd., A. Vargad, and J. F. Creightan. 1984. Forage yield of intercropped corn and soybean in various planting pattern. Agro. J. 76: 507-510.
Heydari Sharifabad, H., and M. Dorry. 2003. Forage crops (grasses). Published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Range lands Research Institute. 3 (24): 24.
Javanshir, A., A. Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab., A. Hamidi, and M. Gholipour. 2000. Ecology of intercropping. Publications Mashhad University Jihad. Pp: 217.
Karimi, H. 1989. Crops. Tehran University Press. Pp: 41.
Khalili, J. B., S. K. Zahirshah Ehsanullah, and A. Aayyun. 1989. Yield and yield components of maize and sunflower sown alone in different combinations under various levels of nitrogen sarhad. J. of Agric. Pakistan. 5: 44- 53.
Kuchaki, A., M. Hosseiny, and A. Hashemi Dezfuli. 1995. Sustainable agriculture. Publications Mashhad University Jihad. Pp: 37.
Machado, C. M. N., N. G. Fleck, and R. S. Souza. 1984. Efficiency of land use yield of intercrops. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasilliera. 19 (3): 317- 327.
Mazaheri, D. 1998. Intercropping. Tehran University Press. Pp: 36- 55.
Pourtaghi, N. 2003. Corn and Beans. Master's thesis, Department of Agriculture. Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University. 1 Pp.
Robinson, R. G. 1984. Sunflower for strip row, and relay intercropping. Agro. J. 76: 43- 46.
Radke, J. K., and R. T. Hangstorm. 1973. Plant-water measurements on soybean sheltered by temporary corn wind breaks. Crop sci. 13: 543- 593.
Rahimiyan Mashhadi, M., M, Parsa, and M. Hosseini. 1992. Study of yield and yield components in corn, sunflower and soybean. Journal of Agricultural Science. 3, 4 (3): 62- 86.
Shafshak. S. E., E. S. Shokr, and B. A. El. Ahmar. 1989. Studies on soybean and sunflower intercropping. 1. Plant characteristics, yield and yield components of soybean and sunflower. Annuals of Agric. Sci. Moshtohom. 24 (4): 17736- 1793. Field Crop Abs. 1989. V. O. 42. No. 9.
Tohidi nejad, A., D. Mazaheri., A. Kuchaki, and A. Ghalavand. 2004. Intercropping of maize and sunflower. Research and development (agriculture and horticulture). 64l: 17- 24