اثر تاریخ کاشت و روش‌های مختلف کنترل علف‌های هرز بر عملکرد و خصوصیات رویشی آفتابگردان در منطقه خوی

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

مجتبي اكبري ¹ (دانشكده كشاورزي، گروه زراعت،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، خوي، ايران)
ساسان رضادوست ² (استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوی)

تاریخ دریافت : 1389/03/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1390/06/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1389/10/18

کلید واژه: آفتابگردان ـ تاریخ کاشت ـ علف‌کش ـ عملکرد ,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور تعیین اثرات تاریخ کاشت و روش‌های کنترل علف‌های هرز بر عملکرد و خصوصیات رویشی آفتابگردان، آزمایشی در سال 1388 در منطقه خان‌دیزج شهرستان خوی انجام شد. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تاریخ کاشت در سه سطح (15 فروردین، 15 اردیبهشت و 15 خرداد) و روش‌های کنترل علف‌های هرز در پنج سطح (تریفلورالین + فوکوس، تریفلورالین + نابواس، تریفلورالین، وجین دستی و عدم کنترل) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت و روش‌های کنترل علف‌های هرز اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و روغن آفتابگردان داشت، ولی درصد روغن فقط در تاریخ‌های کاشت معنی‌دار شد. مهم‌ترین علف‌های هرز مزرعه شامل سلمه‌تره، پیچک‌‌صحرایی، شلمی، کنف‌وحشی، سوروف و چسبک بودند که در تاریخ‌های مختلف کاشت تغییرات شدیدی در وزن خشک هر یک از گونه‌ها مشاهده شد. به طوری که در تاریخ کاشت اول (15 فروردین) وزن خشک سلمه‌تره و شلمی، در تاریخ کاشت سوم نیز وزن خشک سوروف، چسبک و کنف‌وحشی در بالاترین مقدار بودند. علف‌کش تریفلورالین در کنترل پیچک‌صحرایی و کنف‌وحشی بسیار ضعیف‌تر از تیمار وجین دستی عمل نمود. بین دو علف‌کش پس‌رویشی نابواس و فوکوس اختلاف معنی‌داری از لحاظ کنترل باریک برگ‌ها مشاهده نشد. اثرات متقابل دو فاکتور بر صفاتی از قبیل ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن، عملکرد بیولوژیک و وزن خشک علف‌های هرز معنی‌دار شد. در مجموع این تحقیق نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت 15 اردیبهشت ماه و کاربرد علف‌کش پیش‌رویشی تریفلورالین با علف‌کش‌های پس‌رویشی نابواس و فوکوس برای حصول حداکثر عملکرد دانه و روغن آفتابگردان در منطقه می‌تواند مناسب ‌باشند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To determine the effects of planting date and different methods of weed control on the agronomic traits of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Khandizaj region Khoy in year 2009. A factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four replications was conducted. Experimental parameters consisted of planting date in three levels (April 4th, May 5th and June 5th) and methods of weed control in five levels (Trifluralin + Focus, Trifluralin + Nabo-S, Trifluralin, hand weeding and the without control). The results indicated that the date of planting and weed control methods had meaningful effects on the following features: Bush height, Stem diameter, biological yield and grain and oil yields. However, oil percentage was affected by the date of planting. The most important weeds included: common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), field bind weed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), bastard cabbage (Rapistrum rugosum L.), flower-of-an-hour (Hibiscus trionum L.), cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and green bristl grass (Setaria viridis L.). It was observed that in different planting dates, the dry material weight was varied in each one of the species. So on April the 4th, the dry material weight of common lambsquarter and bastard cabbage, in the third planting date dry material weight of cockspur grass, green bristl and flower-of-an-hour were the highest. Trifluralin herbicide was weaker than hand weeding in the case of Convolvulus and Hibiscus. Among two post emergence herbicides Nabo-S and Focus, there were not statistically significant difference in the control of thin leaf weeds. The interaction of two factors on features like bush height, stem diameter, grain yield, biological yield, oil yield and weeds dry material weight was significant. In conclusion, the current research demonstrated that 5th of May planting and using pre-emergence herbicide Trifluralin and post-emergence herbicides Focus and Nabo-S were suitable for maximum growth rate in this region.

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