تبیین ساختاری دگردیسیِ احزاب افغانستان از نظامی‌گری به مصالحه(نمونه‌پژوهی: حزب اسلامی گلبدین حکمتیار)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللیناصر یوسف زهی 1 , مهدی نجف زاده 2
1 - دانشجوی علوم سیاسی (گرایش مسائل ایران)، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 - دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
کلید واژه: قدرت, افغانستان, مصالحه, نظامی‌گری, حزب اسلامی حکمتیار,
چکیده مقاله :
پیوستن حزب اسلامی حکمتیار به فرآیند صلح ملیِ افغانستان، از مهم‌ترین پیش‌آمدهای جنجال‌برانگیزِ اخیر و اثرگذار بر وضعیت سیاسی-امنیتی و مناسبات منطقه‌ای این کشور است. ریشه‌یابی این دولت‌پذیری و دولت‌ستیزی تاریخیِ حکمتیار، مسئله اصلی نوشتار حاضر است. هدف طرحِ این پرسمان، بازنمایی نقش سیاست بر خشونت و مصالحه در این کشور ست. پرسش جستار حاضر، این است که علت رویکرد نظامی حزب حکمتیار در برابر دولت‌های افغانستان (2016-1969م.) و سپس، تغییر آن به رویکرد سیاسی چه بود؟ فرضیه پژوهش که در چارچوب نظریه نظم‌های اجتماعیِ باز و بسته داگلاس نورث عملیاتی گردیده، بدین شرح است: نوع ساختار سیاسی قدرت در افغانستان در گزینش رویکردهای نظامی یا سیاسی حزب اسلامی تأثیر مستقیم داشته است. طبق یافته‌های پژوهش، ماهیت و ساختار قدرتِ نظام‌های پادشاهی (1933م.)، اقتدارگرا (1973م.)، کمونیستی (1978م.)، غیرنهادمند (1992م)، و بنیادگرای افغانستان (1996م.)، که متضاد با خط‌مشی اسلام‌خواهی و دموکراسی‌خواهی حکمتیار بود، رویکردی مسلحانه بر حزب تحمیل کرد. اما ساختار و نظام درحالِ دموکراتیک، نهادمند و اسلامی افغانستانِ پساطالبان، در کنار خروج حداکثری نیروهای خارجی از این کشور، اتخاذ رویکرد مسالمت‌آمیز حزب را فراهم ساخت. در تحلیل نهایی، سیاست دولت‌ها و نه ساختار سنتی جامعه، موجد زایش خشونت‌های اجتماعی افغانستان است.
The joining of the Hekmatyar to the process of Afghanistan national peace has been one of the most recent controversial upheaval and affective on the political-security situation this country. The discovery of the cause of this state-reception and the Hekmatyar's historic anti-state is a major issue in this paper. The purpose of this question is to represent the role of politics on the emergence of violence in Afghanistan. Therefore, the question of the present research is that what was the main reason for Hekmatyar's military approach to the states of Afghanistan (1966-2016) and then change it to political approach? The research hypothesis, which is operationalized in the format of the structural theory of Douglas North’s social orders, is follows: the nature and structure of the power systems of the kingdom (1933), authoritarian (1973), communist (1978), non-institutional (1992), and fundamentalist in Afghanistan (1996), which is opposed to Hekmatyar’s Islamism and democratism policy, imposed an armed approach on the party. But, relatively democratic, institutionalized and Islamic system of the post-Taliban Afghanistan provided a peaceful approach to the party. Therfore,, the policy of governments, not the construction of a society has led to the emergence of social violence in Afghanistan.
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