واکاوی نظام کالبدی ساخت‌وسازهای جدید مسکن در محلات سنتی براساس اصول طراحی در بافت‌های تاریخی(موردپژوهی: محله سرخاب تبریز)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
پریسا هاشم پور
1
,
لیلا مدقالچی
2
,
فرزانه صلاحی مهر
3
,
زهرا شاهی حق
4
1 - عضو هیئت علمی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 - دانشیار دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
3 - معماری دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
4 - معماری دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
کلید واژه: اصول طراحی, بافت تاریخی, محلۀ سرخاب تبریز, مسکن نوساز,
چکیده مقاله :
حفظ هویت بافت‌های تاریخی در کنار نیاز به ساخت‌وسازهای جدید، ضرورت توجه به مساکن نوساز در این محلات را نمایان می‌کند. با اینکه ساخت‌وسازهای جدید از مصالح و تکنولوژی‌های نوین بهره می‌برند، اغلب به دلیل عدم هماهنگی با ویژگی‌های تاریخی، به تداوم و یکپارچگی بافت آسیب می‌زنند. پژوهش حاضر به‌طور کیفی و کمی به تدوین اصول طراحی و ارزیابی وضعیت مساکن نوساز در بافت تاریخی سرخاب می‌پردازد. راهبرد پژوهش شامل دو بخش نظری و میدانی است. در بخش نظری، چارچوب مفهومی بر اساس اصول طراحی در بافت‌های تاریخی و نظام کالبدی آن‌ها تنظیم شد و ویژگی‌های کالبدی خانه‌های تاریخی بافت سرخاب تحلیل گردید. در بخش میدانی، با استفاده از روش موردکاوی، مطالعات ساختارمند غیرمشارکتی در خانه‌های نوساز بافت سرخاب انجام شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه شامل 72 قطعه مسکونی نوساز است که به 14 گونه دسته‌بندی شده‌اند. داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده با آزمون چنددامنه‌ای دانکن و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تحلیل شدند تا مقایسه و ارتباط ابعاد فضایی و کالبدی بررسی شود. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند، بین گونه‌های مسکن نوساز بافت سرخاب (با سطح معناداری 0001/0)، گونۀ 2 و 5، هماهنگی بیشتری با بافت دارند. در تحلیل ابعاد سه‌گانه فضا، کالبد معماری و قرارگیری کالبد معماری در فضا (با ضریب پیرسون معادل560/0) توجه به مولفه‌های معابر و مناظر در بعد فضا، منجر به هماهنگی در بعد قرارگیری کالبد معماری در فضا می‌شود. به‌علاوه در بعد کالبد معماری، مولفه‌های شکل، مقیاس، مصالح و اجزا، (با سطح معناداری 048/0) و در بعد قرارگیری کالبد معماری در فضا، مولفه‌های تقسیم‌بندی قطعات، رعایت حرایم ابنیه و دیدو‌چشم‌انداز به عناصر طبیعی‌وتوده‌ها (با سطح معناداری 0001/0) به‌عنوان مولفه‌های ناهماهنگ‌کنندۀ بافت قلمداد می‌شوند که راهکارهایی برای بهبود شاخص‌های ناهماهنگ‌کننده در هریک از مولفه‌ها ارائه گردید.
Preserving the identity of historical textures alongside the need for new constructions highlights the importance of paying attention to new housing in these neighborhoods. Although new constructions utilize modern materials and technologies, they often disrupt the continuity and integrity of the historical fabric due to a lack of harmony with its characteristics. This study qualitatively and quantitatively develops design principles and evaluates the status of new housing in the historic Sarakhab district. The research strategy includes both theoretical and field components. In the theoretical section, the conceptual framework was based on design principles within historical contexts and their physical systems, analyzing the physical characteristics of historic houses in the Sarakhab fabric. In the field section, structured non-participatory studies were conducted on new houses in the Sarakhab fabric using the case study method. The study population consisted of 72 new residential plots categorized into 14 types. The obtained data were analyzed using Duncan's multiple range test and Pearson correlation coefficient to compare and examine the spatial and physical dimensions. The findings indicate that among the new housing types in the Sarakhab fabric (with a significance level of 0.0001), types 2 and 5 have greater harmony with the fabric. In the analysis of the three dimensions—space, architectural physicality, and the placement of architectural physicality in space (with a Pearson coefficient of 0.560)—attention to elements such as pathways and landscapes in the spatial dimension leads to harmony in the placement of architectural physicality within the space. Additionally, in the architectural physicality dimension, elements like shape, scale, materials, and components (with a significance level of 0.048) and in the placement dimension, elements like plot division, observance of building perimeters, and views to natural elements and masses (with a significance level of 0.0001) are considered the disharmonizing elements of the fabric. Solutions were provided to improve the disharmonizing indicators in each of these elements. Extended Abstract Introduction: Preservation of the identity and value of historical contexts, along with the need for new constructions in these contexts, reveals the necessity of paying attention to newly built houses in historical neighborhoods. Today, despite the use of materials, new structures and spending money, new constructions, due to lack of coordination, are not only not in the historical continuity of their field, but with the expansion of this process, they damage the integrity and physical identity of the historical fabric. The current research is qualitative-quantitative. The aim of the research is to achieve the general principles of design and construction of newly built houses in historical contexts and to evaluate the condition of newly built houses in Sorkhab context based on these principles. Methodology: The research strategy, in the theoretical part, which includes the identification of the design principles and criteria in the historical context (Sorkhab neighborhood), is descriptive-analytical and based on related texts and theories, using the library method. So that in this section, by examining the principles, regulations and global charters, the general principles of design in the historical context-including "Change Management", "Tradition & Authenticity", "Integrity & Coherence", "Continuity & Permanency" - obtained and the physical structure of historical contexts -including the space, architectural body and the placement of the architectural body in the space- are related to these principles. In the following, the principles of housing design and construction in the historical context, by analyzing the dimensions and components of the physical structure of three historical houses in the Sorkhab context -Sorkhe-i, Sharbat Oghli and Alavi houses- have become indicators of the principles of housing design and construction in the historical neighborhood of Sorkhab. In the field part of the research, according to the purpose of the research, the general strategy of the case study has been used. The method of data collection in the field section was structured non-participatory observation. The statistical population of the research is all the newly built houses in the selected area of Sorkhab context (72 samples in total) and all the samples are categorized into 14 species based on the physical characteristics of the housing. The information obtained from the examination of the species was statistically analyzed to compare the components of the physical structure and compare the species using "Duncan's multi-domain test" and to investigate the relationship between the three dimensions of the space, the architectural body and the placement of the architectural body in the space with the "Pearson correlation coefficient method". Results and discussion: The findings show that among the species of newly built housing of Sorkhab context (p-value=0.0001), species 2 and 5 have more harmony with the context. Also, in the analysis of Triple dimension, by Pearson's correlation multiplication method, the findings indicate the existence of a significant relationship (with Pearson's coefficient equal to 0.560) between the two dimensions of space and the placement of the architectural body in space. In addition, in the dimension of the architectural body, the components of shape, scale, materials and components (p-value=0.048), and in the dimension of the placement of the architectural body in the space, the components of the division of parts, observing the privacy of the building and visibility to natural and artificial outstanding elements (p-value=0.0001) are considered as the discordant components of the context. Conclusion: According to the findings obtained from the analysi of species, it can be concluded that each specie of housing cannot be evaluated solely based on its physical and structural characteristics. Because the principles of design in the historical context in other dimension of the physical structure, including the space and the placement of the architectural body in the space, are of special importance and have a noticeable effect on the harmony of newly built houses in the historical context of Sorkhab. The findings obtained from the analysis of the three dimensions indicate that the more the components of the space dimension are considered, show positive effects of yourself on the harmony in the aspect of the placement of the architectural body in the space. Also, based on the findings of the analysis of the components in each of the dimensions, solutions were presented for the indicators related to the incompatible components. Although this research was carried out to evaluate the historical context of Sorkhab, it can be said that it will have the ability to be used in other historical contexts. Because at the beginning of the research, the principles of designing new structures after extraction have been related to the dimensions and components of the physical structure of historical contexts, and by analyzing and examining the traditional houses in each of these contexts, it will be possible that the principles obtained in Table 3 In each of these contexts has been clarified based on the physical structure of the selected contexts houses, and it is possible to evaluate all these contexts. In future researches, it is enough to analyze the physical structure of the traditional houses in it according to Table 1 by choosing the context to be studied, and perform several evaluations for different historical contexts and get a general picture of the condition of the existing historical contexts in the country. Municipalities and related organizations by considering the findings and results of this research, they can develop executive principles in this field and make the application of these principles more practical.
_||_