ارزیابی ظرفیت اجتماعی توسعه میان‌افزا با تاکید بر رویکرد رشدهوشمند (محله سراب شهر مشهد)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
لطفعلی کوزه‌گر کالجی
1
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سجاد سعیدی
2
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نسیم نیکنامی
3
1 - هیئت علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 - دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری ، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 - کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: ظرفیت‌های اجتماعی, توسعه میان‌افزا, رشدهوشمند, مشهد, محله سراب.,
چکیده مقاله :
رویکرد رشد هوشمند شهری با سیاستهای سطح خرد و کلان، برابری اجتماعی و عدالت محیطی را تقویت میکند وتوسعه میان‌افزا به عنوان بخش اساسی رشد هوشمند با پرداختن به توسعه در درون و بازتوسعه محدوده بااستفاده از پتانسیلهای آن است. محله سراب واقع در شهر مشهد به عنوان دومین کلانشهر ایران با توجه به موقعیت و نوع بافت آن و همچنین به دلیل نزدیکی با آستان قدس رضوی ظرفیت‌ها و قابلیت‌های اجتماعی نهان بسیاری دارد که اگر به فعلیت برسند میتوانند در فرایند توسعه شهر به عنوان نیروی محرک استفاده شوند. روش تحقیق در پژوهش حاضر از نظر نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت تحلیلی و همبستگی که اطلاعات از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی گردآوری شده و یافته‌ها از بررسی‌های میدانی و پرسشنامه بدست آمده است و در راستای ایجاد شواهد علمی کافی مورد نیاز جهت دستیابی به هدف مورد نظر تحقيق از تحلیل‌های آماری ضریب همبستگی Phi و Cramer's V برای متغیرهای اسمی و Kruskal Wallis برای متغیرهای ترتیبی در قالب نرم‌افزار SPSS پرداخته شد. متغیرهای مربوط به مشخصات فردی ساکنین شامل دو شاخص اسمی «جنسیت» و «شغل» و دو شاخص ترتیبی «میزان تحصیلات» و «سن» می باشد و همچنین از میان یازده شاخصی که توسط پرسشنامه گردآوری شده اند، متغیرهایی که مربوط به نحوه رفتار ساکنین و ارتباط آنها با یکدیگر می شوند، برای تحلیل همبستگی در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل 18 رابطه همبستگی بررسی شده نشان می‌دهد، تنها 2 مورد فاقد رابطه معنادار بوده است و مابقی معنادار بوده و ضریب همبستگی آنها مثبت و دارای مقدار است. مطابق نتایج، با توجه به رابطه‌ی شاخص‌های اجتماعی رشد هوشمند و خصوصیات فردی ساکنین که مثبت و داری مقدار است بدان معناست که رابطه‌ی آنها معنادار و مستقیم است. بنابراین با افزایش و ارتقا توسعه میان‌افزا محله سراب شهر مشهد با تاکید بر رویکرد رشد هوشمند سبب افزایش ظرفیت‌های اجتماعی محله نیز میگردد.
The approach of smart urban growth, through micro and macro-level policies, enhances social equity and environmental justice. Infill development, as an essential part of smart growth, focuses on inner development and redevelopment by leveraging existing potentials. Sarab neighborhood, located in Mashhad, the second-largest metropolis in Iran, has significant latent social capacities and capabilities due to its location, type of urban fabric, and proximity to the Astan Quds Razavi shrine. If these potentials are realized, they can be used as driving forces in the city's development process. The research method in this study is applied in nature and analytical and correlational in essence. Data were gathered through library and documentary studies, with findings obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. To provide sufficient scientific evidence needed to achieve the research objective, statistical analyses such as Phi and Cramer's V correlation coefficients for nominal variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for ordinal variables were conducted using SPSS software. The individual characteristics of residents included two nominal indices: "gender" and "occupation," and two ordinal indices: "education level" and "age." Among the eleven indices collected through the questionnaire, variables related to residents' behavior and their interactions were considered for correlation analysis. The findings from analyzing 18 correlation relationships show that only two case lacked a significant relationship, while the others were significant with positive and considerable correlation coefficients. According to the results, the relationship between social indices of smart growth and residents' individual characteristics is positive and significant, indicating that their relationship is meaningful and direct. Therefore, increasing and promoting infill development in the Sarab neighborhood of Mashhad, with an emphasis on the smart growth approach, will also enhance the neighborhood's social capacities.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The approach of urban smart growth, through both micro and macro-level policies, aims to enhance social equity and environmental justice. Infill development, an essential component of smart growth, addresses development within and redevelopment of existing urban areas by leveraging their potentials. Mashhad, the capital of Khorasan Razavi Province, spans an area of 351 square kilometers and has a population exceeding three million. It is recognized as the second largest city in Iran after Tehran in terms of area and population within the country's urban hierarchy. This metropolis has encountered numerous challenges related to urban sprawl in recent years. The Sarab neighborhood, located in District 8 of Mashhad, possesses significant latent social capacities and potentials due to its location, urban fabric, and proximity to the holy shrine of Imam Reza. If realized, these potentials can serve as a driving force in the city's development process. This research aims to assess the relationship between the living conditions of Sarab neighborhood residents and the social capacities for infill development, with an emphasis on the smart growth approach. It seeks to answer the question: What is the relationship between the living conditions of Sarab neighborhood residents and the social capacities for infill development in this neighborhood, with an emphasis on the smart growth approach?
Methodology
The research employed a descriptive-survey methodology with an applied-developmental purpose. Data were gathered through documentary sources and field surveys. Documentaries included relevant articles, while the field research utilized a researcher-designed questionnaire. The study aimed to assess the relationship between living conditions of Sarab neighborhood residents in Mashhad and social capacities for infill development, emphasizing smart growth principles. Statistical analyses, including Phi and Cramer's V for nominal variables and Kruskal-Wallis for ordinal variables, were conducted using SPSS. A snowball sampling method distributed 100 questionnaires randomly due to time and cost constraints, ensuring data sufficiency despite resident reluctance. Pre-testing and expert validation confirmed questionnaire content validity, with Cronbach's alpha yielding 0.619, ensuring data collection tool reliability.
Results and discussion
In analyzing the data, statistical tests such as Phi, Cramer's V, and Kruskal-Wallis were conducted using SPSS software. The study aimed to explore the relationship between living conditions of Sarab neighborhood residents and social capacities for infill development, emphasizing smart growth principles. The correlation between "smart growth" variables and "personal characteristics of residents" was evaluated using crosstabs and non-parametric tests. Phi and Cramer's V coefficients were utilized for nominal variables, while the Kruskal-Wallis test analyzed ordinal variables. Residents' personal characteristics included nominal indicators like "gender" and "occupation," and ordinal indicators such as "education level" and "age." Among the questionnaire's eleven indicators, variables related to residents' behaviors and interactions were considered. Nominal variables included "ownership of a private vehicle," "internet access," "use of electronic services," and "social surveillance presence." Ordinal variables encompassed "public transport use frequency," "public transport accessibility," "social interaction level," "resident familiarity," and "resident participation." Out of 18 correlation relationships analyzed, only 2 were not statistically significant, indicating meaningful and direct relationships among most variables with positive correlation coefficients of substantial magnitude.
Conclusion
The correlation tests indicate that out of 18 examined correlations between social indicators of smart growth and residents' personal characteristics, only 2 were not statistically significant, while the remaining correlations were significant with positive coefficients and notable values. This suggests a direct relationship between these factors, highlighting the significant impact of social characteristics on smart and infill development in this neighborhood. Therefore, it can be concluded that the smart growth approach significantly enhances social aspects and improves the quality of life for urban neighborhood residents. Furthermore, the smart growth approach, by emphasizing principles such as compact development, mixed-use, and walkability, creates dynamic and livable urban environments. By focusing on the enhancement of social, cultural, and recreational infrastructures, this approach fosters increased social interactions and cohesion among residents. Additionally, the creation of diverse public spaces and easy access to local services contribute to increased satisfaction and a sense of belonging among residents. Consequently, smart growth offers not only significant economic and environmental benefits but also serves as an effective strategy for fostering sustainable and inclusive urban communities from a social perspective. This research can serve as a practical model for urban planners and managers in implementing smart growth policies in other neighborhoods and cities in Iran, thereby achieving development that aligns with the social and cultural needs of the residents.
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