تحلیل عادت‌های رفتاری شیوه انتخاب سفر در حمل‌ونقل کلان‌شهر تبریز
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
محمدرضا پورمحمدی
1
(استاد دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
رسول قربانی
2
(استاد دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
مهدی عبداللهی
3
(دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: تحلیل چند متغیره, کلان‌شهر تبریز, عادات انتخاب سفر, طبقه‌بندی خوشه‌ای,
چکیده مقاله :
عادات سفر نقش کلیدی در انتخاب شیوه سفر دارند به‌گونه‌ای که ساختاربندی و هدایت تمایلات کاربران بر اساس منافع جمعی منجر به شکل‌بندی ارگانیک ظرفیت‌های برنامه‌ریزی حمل‌ونقل شهری می‌شود. هدف این مقاله، شناسایی الگوی دائمی استفاده از شیوه‌هایحمل‌ونقل خصوصی وعمومی درجهت برنامه‌ریزی رفتار حمل‌ونقل کلان‌شهر تبریز هست. بدین منظور ازروش خوشه‌ای برای طبقه‌بندی مسافران بر اساس شاخص عادت یا تکرار مدل خاص سفر استفاده‌شده است. روش‌شناسی مقاله، توصیفی، تحلیلی و پیمایشی است. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها در قالب پرسش نامه و اخذ نظرات در حوزه جابجایی عمومی در سطح شهر تبریز صورت گرفت. برآورد نمونه‌ها با استفاده از فرمول کوکران برابر با 1100 نفر برای 166 حوزه ترافیکی تبریز به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای یک مرحله‌ای و به‌صورت تصادفی تعیین گردید و با آزمون‌های واریانس چند متغیری تجزیه‌وتحلیل گردید. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق هفت الگو شیوه انتخاب سفر شناسایی شد که دراین‌بین کاربران باقابلیت تغییر شیوه سفر و کاربران حمل‌ونقل عمومی، خوشه‌های کلیدی به شمار می‌روند که رفتار و ویژگی‌های متفاوتی را نسبت به سایر خوشه‌ها نشان می‌دهند. بنابراین این تفکر که الگوهای مختلف شیوه سفر مسافران ممکن است در جهت اثربخشی برنامه‌های حمل‌ونقل به روش‌های متفاوت متمایل شوند را تایید می‌کنند.
Travel habits play a key role in choosing travel mode in a way that Structuring and guiding the user intentions based on the collective interests lead to an organic formation of urban transport planning capacities. The aim of this article is to identify the Permanent pattern in using private and public modes of transport, so the transport behavior of Tabriz can be planned. For this purpose, the cluster method has been used to classify travelers based on habit index or frequency of particular travel model. Methodology of the article is descriptive, analytical and survey. Data was collected in the form of questionnaires and obtaining comments in relation to public relocation in Tabriz. The samples were estimated randomly using Cochran formula for 1100 people in 166 traffic area of Tabriz as one-step cluster sampling, then analyzed through multivariate variance tests. According to research findings, seven patterns of travel choice mode were identified, among them, users with the ability to change the travel mode and public transport users are substantial clusters which show different behaviors and features compared to other clusters. Therefore, this idea is confirmed that different patterns of travel mode may be directed towards various methods for effective transport plans.
Abbasi, H., & Hajipour, Khalil. (2015), An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Urban Form on Travel Behavior in Different Urban Neighborhoods of Shiraz.The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism, 11 (29), 23–32. (In Persian)
Aarts, H., Verplanken, B., & Knippenberg, A.V. (1997). Habit and information use in travel mode choices. Acta Psychologica, 96 (2), 1–14.
Anable, J. (2005). Complacent Car Addicts’ or ‘Aspiring Environmentalists’? Identifying travel behaviour segments using attitude theory. Transport Policy, 12 (1), 65–78.
Bayarma, A., Kitamura, R., & Susilo, Y. (2007). Recurrence of daily travel patterns: stochastic process approach to multiday travel behavior. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2021(1), 55–63.
Beirão, G., & Sarsfield-Cabral, J.A. (2007). Understanding attitudes towards public transport and private car: A qualitative study. Transport Policy, 14(6), 478– 489.
Carrus, G., Passafaro, P., & Bonnes, M. (2008). Emotions, habits and rational choices in ecological behaviours: The case of recycling and use of public transportation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28 (1), 51– 62.
Clark, B., Chatterjee, K., & Melia, S. (2016). Changes to commute mode: The role of life events, spatial context and environmental attitude. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 89 (1), 89–105.
Danner, U. N., Aarts, H., & de Vries Nanne, K. (2008). Habit vs. intention in the prediction of future behaviour: The role of frequency, context stability and mental accessibility of past behavior. British Journal of Social Psychology, 47 (2), 245–265.
Di, X., & Liu, H.X. (2016). Boundedly rational route choice behavior: A review of models and methodologies. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 85 (1), 142–179.
Diana, M., & Mokhtarian, P.L. (2009). Desire to change one’s multimodality and its relationship to the use of different transport means. Transportation Research Part F, 12 (2),107–119.
Eriksson, L., Garvill, J., & Nordlund, A.M. (2008). Interrupting habitual car use: The importance of car habit strength and moral motivation for personal car use reduction. Transportation Research Part F, 11(1), 10–23.
Fujii, S., & Gärling, T. (2003). Development of script-based travel mode choice after forced change. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6 (2), 117–124
Gardner, B. (2009). Modelling motivation and habit in stable travel mode contexts. Transportation Research Part F, 12 (1), 68–76.
Gärling, T., Fujii, S., & Boe, O. (2001). Empirical tests of a model of determinants of scriptbased driving choice. Transportation Research Part F, 4 (2), 89–102.
Hanson, S., & Huff, J. (1986). Classification issues in the analysis of complex travel behaviour. Transportation, 13(3),271–293.
Hernández Gonzáleza, Y., & Quintana, S.C. (2016). an integrated assessment of alternative land-based passenger transport policies: A case study in Tenerife. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 89 (1), 201–214.
Hiseliusa, L., Winslott, R., & Lena, S. (2016). Mobility Management campaigns as part of the transition towards changing social norms on sustainable travel behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 123 (1), 34 – 41
Hoang-Tung, N., Kojima, A., & Kubota, H. (2016). Impacts of travellers' social awareness on the intention of bus usage. IATSS Research, 39 (2), 130 –137.
Hosseini, S.A., Bahrami, Y., & Ghaderi Motlagh, I. (2014). An Analysis about the Influence of Neighborhood Functions on Travel Behavior of Citizens (Case Study: Rasht City). Human Geography Research Quarterly. 46 (3), 657–676. (In Persian)
Klöckner, C.A., & Matthies, E. (2004). how habits interfere with norm-directed behaviour: A normative decision-making model for travel mode choice. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24 (3), 319–327.
Krizek, K.J. (2006). Lifestyles, residential location decisions, and pedestrian and transit activity. Transportation Research, 1981(25),171–178.
Lanzendorf, M. (2002). Mobility Styles and Travel Behavior: Application of a Lifestyle Approach to Leisure Travel. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1807 (20), 163–173.
Légal, J.B., Meyer, T., Csillik, A., & Nicolas, P.A. (2016). Goal priming, public transportation habit and travel mode selection: The moderating role of trait mindfulness. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 38 (1), 47–54.
Li, R., & Tong, Daoqin. (2016). constructing human activity spaces: A new approach incorporating complex urban activity-travel. Journal of Transport Geography, 56(1), 23–35.
Manaugh, K., Miranda-Moreno, L. F., & El-Geneidy, A. M. (2010). Neighborhood travel behaviour: A factor and cluster analysis to understand travel behavior in the Montréal metropolitan region. Transportation, 37 (4), 627– 646.
Mohammadian, A., & Zhang, Y. (2007). Investigating transferability of national household travel survey data. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1993 (10), 67–79.
Molin, E., Mokhtarian, P., & Kroesen, M. (2016). Multimodal travel groups and attitudes: A latent class cluster analysis of Dutch travelers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 83 (1), 14 –29.
Murtagh, N., Gatersleben, B., & Uzzell, D. (2012). Multiple identities and travel mode choice for regular journeys. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15 (5), 514 –524.
Nobis, C. (2007). Multimodality: Facets and causes of sustainable mobility behavior. Transportation Research Record, 2010 (5), 35 – 44.
Ouellette, J.A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and Intention in Everyday Life: The Multiple Processes by Which Past Behavior Predicts Future Behavior. Psychological Bulletin the American Psychological Association, 124 (1), 54 –74.
Schwanen, T., & Dijst, M. (2003). Time windows in workers' activity patterns: Empirical evidence from the Netherlands, Transportation, 30 (3), 261–283.
Spurr, T., Chu, A., Chapleau, R., & Piché, D. (2015). A Smart Card Transaction “Travel Diary” to Assess the Accuracy of the Montréal Household Travel Survey. Transportation Research Procedia, 11 (1), 350 –364.
Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and research agenda, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(3), 309–317.
Thogersen, J. (2006). Understanding repetitive travel mode choices in a stable context: A panel study approach. Transportation Research Part A, 40 (8), 621– 638.
Triandis, H.C. (1980). Values, attitudes, and interpersonal behavior, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Beliefs, attitudes, and values. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 27 (3), 195–259.
Verplanken, B., Aarts, H., & vanKnippenberg, A.D. (1997). Habit, information acquisition, and the process of making travel mode choices. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27 (5), 539–560.
Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2003). Reflections on past behavior: A self-report index of habit strength. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33 (6), 1313–1330.
_||_Abbasi, H., & Hajipour, Khalil. (2015), An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Urban Form on Travel Behavior in Different Urban Neighborhoods of Shiraz.The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism, 11 (29), 23–32. (In Persian)
Aarts, H., Verplanken, B., & Knippenberg, A.V. (1997). Habit and information use in travel mode choices. Acta Psychologica, 96 (2), 1–14.
Anable, J. (2005). Complacent Car Addicts’ or ‘Aspiring Environmentalists’? Identifying travel behaviour segments using attitude theory. Transport Policy, 12 (1), 65–78.
Bayarma, A., Kitamura, R., & Susilo, Y. (2007). Recurrence of daily travel patterns: stochastic process approach to multiday travel behavior. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2021(1), 55–63.
Beirão, G., & Sarsfield-Cabral, J.A. (2007). Understanding attitudes towards public transport and private car: A qualitative study. Transport Policy, 14(6), 478– 489.
Carrus, G., Passafaro, P., & Bonnes, M. (2008). Emotions, habits and rational choices in ecological behaviours: The case of recycling and use of public transportation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28 (1), 51– 62.
Clark, B., Chatterjee, K., & Melia, S. (2016). Changes to commute mode: The role of life events, spatial context and environmental attitude. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 89 (1), 89–105.
Danner, U. N., Aarts, H., & de Vries Nanne, K. (2008). Habit vs. intention in the prediction of future behaviour: The role of frequency, context stability and mental accessibility of past behavior. British Journal of Social Psychology, 47 (2), 245–265.
Di, X., & Liu, H.X. (2016). Boundedly rational route choice behavior: A review of models and methodologies. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 85 (1), 142–179.
Diana, M., & Mokhtarian, P.L. (2009). Desire to change one’s multimodality and its relationship to the use of different transport means. Transportation Research Part F, 12 (2),107–119.
Eriksson, L., Garvill, J., & Nordlund, A.M. (2008). Interrupting habitual car use: The importance of car habit strength and moral motivation for personal car use reduction. Transportation Research Part F, 11(1), 10–23.
Fujii, S., & Gärling, T. (2003). Development of script-based travel mode choice after forced change. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6 (2), 117–124
Gardner, B. (2009). Modelling motivation and habit in stable travel mode contexts. Transportation Research Part F, 12 (1), 68–76.
Gärling, T., Fujii, S., & Boe, O. (2001). Empirical tests of a model of determinants of scriptbased driving choice. Transportation Research Part F, 4 (2), 89–102.
Hanson, S., & Huff, J. (1986). Classification issues in the analysis of complex travel behaviour. Transportation, 13(3),271–293.
Hernández Gonzáleza, Y., & Quintana, S.C. (2016). an integrated assessment of alternative land-based passenger transport policies: A case study in Tenerife. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 89 (1), 201–214.
Hiseliusa, L., Winslott, R., & Lena, S. (2016). Mobility Management campaigns as part of the transition towards changing social norms on sustainable travel behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 123 (1), 34 – 41
Hoang-Tung, N., Kojima, A., & Kubota, H. (2016). Impacts of travellers' social awareness on the intention of bus usage. IATSS Research, 39 (2), 130 –137.
Hosseini, S.A., Bahrami, Y., & Ghaderi Motlagh, I. (2014). An Analysis about the Influence of Neighborhood Functions on Travel Behavior of Citizens (Case Study: Rasht City). Human Geography Research Quarterly. 46 (3), 657–676. (In Persian)
Klöckner, C.A., & Matthies, E. (2004). how habits interfere with norm-directed behaviour: A normative decision-making model for travel mode choice. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24 (3), 319–327.
Krizek, K.J. (2006). Lifestyles, residential location decisions, and pedestrian and transit activity. Transportation Research, 1981(25),171–178.
Lanzendorf, M. (2002). Mobility Styles and Travel Behavior: Application of a Lifestyle Approach to Leisure Travel. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1807 (20), 163–173.
Légal, J.B., Meyer, T., Csillik, A., & Nicolas, P.A. (2016). Goal priming, public transportation habit and travel mode selection: The moderating role of trait mindfulness. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 38 (1), 47–54.
Li, R., & Tong, Daoqin. (2016). constructing human activity spaces: A new approach incorporating complex urban activity-travel. Journal of Transport Geography, 56(1), 23–35.
Manaugh, K., Miranda-Moreno, L. F., & El-Geneidy, A. M. (2010). Neighborhood travel behaviour: A factor and cluster analysis to understand travel behavior in the Montréal metropolitan region. Transportation, 37 (4), 627– 646.
Mohammadian, A., & Zhang, Y. (2007). Investigating transferability of national household travel survey data. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1993 (10), 67–79.
Molin, E., Mokhtarian, P., & Kroesen, M. (2016). Multimodal travel groups and attitudes: A latent class cluster analysis of Dutch travelers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 83 (1), 14 –29.
Murtagh, N., Gatersleben, B., & Uzzell, D. (2012). Multiple identities and travel mode choice for regular journeys. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15 (5), 514 –524.
Nobis, C. (2007). Multimodality: Facets and causes of sustainable mobility behavior. Transportation Research Record, 2010 (5), 35 – 44.
Ouellette, J.A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and Intention in Everyday Life: The Multiple Processes by Which Past Behavior Predicts Future Behavior. Psychological Bulletin the American Psychological Association, 124 (1), 54 –74.
Schwanen, T., & Dijst, M. (2003). Time windows in workers' activity patterns: Empirical evidence from the Netherlands, Transportation, 30 (3), 261–283.
Spurr, T., Chu, A., Chapleau, R., & Piché, D. (2015). A Smart Card Transaction “Travel Diary” to Assess the Accuracy of the Montréal Household Travel Survey. Transportation Research Procedia, 11 (1), 350 –364.
Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and research agenda, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(3), 309–317.
Thogersen, J. (2006). Understanding repetitive travel mode choices in a stable context: A panel study approach. Transportation Research Part A, 40 (8), 621– 638.
Triandis, H.C. (1980). Values, attitudes, and interpersonal behavior, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Beliefs, attitudes, and values. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 27 (3), 195–259.
Verplanken, B., Aarts, H., & vanKnippenberg, A.D. (1997). Habit, information acquisition, and the process of making travel mode choices. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27 (5), 539–560.
Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2003). Reflections on past behavior: A self-report index of habit strength. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33 (6), 1313–1330.