مطالعهی تنوع ژنتیکی ژنوتیپهای برنج بر اساس مؤلفههای جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه در شرایط تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : زراعتزهرا خدارحم پور 1 , الهه قربانی 2 , عبدالعلی گیلانی 3
1 - عضو هیات علمی واحد شوشتر
2 - کارشناس ارشد اصلاح نباتات، واحد علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
3 - استادیار بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج
کلید واژه: تجزیه کلاستر, پلی اتیلن گلایکول, بای پلات, تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر به منظور مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی در 26 ژنوتیپ برنج (مجموعه متحمل به گرمای lRRl) در سال 1395 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار شامل 24 لاین و 2 هیبرید به عنوان فاکتور اول و تنش خشکی با پلی اتیلن گلایکول 6000 در 5 سطح صفر (شاهد)، 3/0-، 8/1-، 3/3- و 8/4- بار به عنوان فاکتور دوم اجرا گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین سطوح خشکی، ژنوتیپ ها و برهمکنش آن ها در تمام صفات در سطح احتمال یک درصد اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. کمترین شاخص های جوانه زنی و رشد گیاه چه در سطح 8/4- بار مشاهده گردید. بیشترین همبستگی مثبت و معنی دار (**90٪r=) بین طول ساقه چه و طول گیاه چه به دست آمد. در تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی 4 مؤلفه اول 85 درصد از کل تنوع را توجیه نمودند. تجزیه کلاستر به روش وارد ژنوتیپ ها را در سه کلاستر قرار داد. در کلاستر اول لاین های 48، 15، 35، 44، 42، 20، 19، 5، 28، 10، 16،4، 2، 55، 53، 31، 34، 36 و هیبرید HB2، در کلاستر دوم لاین های 25، 23 و هیبریدHB1 و در کلاستر سوم لاین های 40، 13، 41، 21 قرار گرفتند. با توجه به نتایج مقایسه میانگین، بای پلات و تجزیه کلاستر ژنوتیپ های کلاستر دوم از نظر سرعت جوانه زنی، طول ساقه چه، طول ریشه چه، طول گیاه چه، وزن تر گیاه چه، وزن خشک گیاه چه، نسبت وزن خشک
The present study was conducted to study genetic diversity in 26 rice genotypes (lRRl heat tolerant collection) in 2016 in Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications including 24 lines and 2 hybrids as the first factor and drought stress with PEG 6000 in 5 levels of zero (control), -0.3, -1.8, -3.3 and -4.8 Bar were performed as the second factor. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between drought levels, genotypes and their interaction in all traits at a probability level of one percent. The lowest indices of germination and seedling growth were observed at the level of -4.8 Bar. The highest positive and significant correlation (r = %90**) was obtained between shoot length and seedling length. In principal component analysis, the four first components accounted for 85% of the total diversity. Cluster analysis with Ward method included genotypes in three clusters. In the first cluster of lines 48, 15, 35, 44, 42, 20, 19, 5, 28, 10, 16, 4, 2, 55, 53, 31, 34, 36 and HB2 hybrid, in the second cluster of lines 25 and 23 and hybrid HB1 and in the third cluster were lines 40, 13, 41 and 21. According to the results of mean of comparison, biplot and cluster analysis of the second cluster genotypes in terms of germination rate, shoot length, root length, seedling length, s
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.جعفرنژاد، ا.، طاهری، ج. و رهچمانله، ا. ا. 1388. بررسی تحمل به خشکی در 4 ژنوتیپ گندم، در مرحله جوانهزنی. تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی. 2(1): 85-73.
2.ریحانپور، ش.، خدارحمپور، ز. و سلطانی هویزه، م. 1399. مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی جو تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 6(4): 553-527.
3.شریفی، پ.، امین پناه، ه.، عبادی، ا. ا. و حلاجیان، م. ت. 1385. گروهبندی ژنوتیپهای برنج موتانت تحت شرایط تنش خشکی. مجله علوم زراعی ایران. 19(2): 164-148.
4.عساکره، ف. و خدارحمپور، ز. 1395. مطالعه تنوع زنتیکی تحمل به تنش خشکی در اکوتیپهای کاسنی (Cichorium intybus L.) از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 3(2): 25-13.
5.مجیدی مهر، ا. و امیری، ف. 1393. بررسی صفات بیوشیمیایی و شیمیایی ژنوتیپهای مختلف برنج تحت تنش شوری. مجله غلات. 1: 58-45.
6.موسوی، ک.، خدارحمپور، ز و گیلانی، ع. ع. 1396. گروهبندی زنوتیپهای برنج در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه تحت شرایط تنش شوری. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 4(1): 100-89.
7.Abdul-baki, A.A. & Anderson, J.D. 1975. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science. 13: 630-633.
8.Abubakar, B., Yakasal, H.M., Zawaal, N. & Ismail, M. 2018. Compositional analysis of white, brown and germinated forms of popular Malaysian rice to offer in sight in to the growing diet-related diseases. Journal of Food Drug Analysis. 26: 706-715.
9.An, Y.Y., Liang, Z.S. & Zhang, Y. 2011. Seed germination responses of Periploca sepium Bunge, a dominant shrub in the loeses hilly regions of China. Journal of Arid Environments. 75(5): 504-508.
10.Armand, N., Amiri, H. & Ismaeili, A. 2015. Effect of methanol on germination characteristics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Sadry) under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 6: 42-53.
11.Boydak, M., Dirik, H., Tllki, F. & Callkogiu, M. 2003. Effects of water stress on germination in six provenances of Pinus brutia seeds from different bioclimatic zones in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Foresty. 27(2): 91-97.
12.Chalak, L., Chehade, A. & Kadri, A. 2007. Morphological characterization of cultivated almonds in Lebanon. Fruits. 62: 177-186.
|
13.Ellis, R.A. & Roberts, E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology. 9: 373-409.
14.Espahbodi, K., Mirzaiee Nadoushan, H., Tabari, M., Akbarinia, M. & Dehghan Shooraki, Y. 2006. Investigation of genetic variation of wild service (Sorbus torminalis L. Crantz), using morphological analysis of fruits and leaves. Research Reconstruction. 72: 44-57. (In Persian)
15.Fabian, A., Jager, K. & Barnabas, B. 2008. Effects of drought and combined drought and heat stress on germination ability and seminal root growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Journal of Acta Biologica. 52: 157-159.
16.FAO, 2019. (Online) Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
17.Farshadfar, E., Haghparast, R. & Qaitoli, M. 2008. Chromosomal localization of the genes controlling agronomic and physiological indicators of drought tolerance in barley using disomic addition lines. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 7(6): 536- 543.
18.Gholami, M., Raheml, M. & Kholdebarin, B. 2010. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on seed germination of four wild almond species. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Sciences. 4(5): 785-791.
19.Ghorbani, H.R., Samizadeh Lahiji, H., Rabiei, B. & Allahgholipour, M. 2012. Rice genotypes using factor and cluster analysis. Journal of Agricultural Stable Production. 21(3): 90-104.
20.Guimaraes, C. M., Castro, A.P., Stone, L.F. & Oliveira, J.P. 2016. Drought tolerance in upland rice: identification of genotypes and agronomic characteristics. Acta Sciences. 38(1): 201-206.
21.ISTA (Inernational seed and Tecnology Association). 1996. International rules for seed testing rules. Seed Science and Technology. 24: 155-202.
22.Ktowski, F. 1926. Temperature relation to germination of vegetable seed. Proceeding American Society of Horticulture Science, 23: 176-184.
23.Li, Q.F., Zhou, Y., Xlong, M., Ren, X.Y., Han, I., Wang, J.D., Zhang, C.Q., Fan, X.L. & Liu, Q.Q. 2020. Gibberellin recovers seed germination in rice with impaired brassinosteroid signaling. Plant Sciences. 293, DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110435.
24.Liu, M., Li, M., Liu, K. & Sui, N. 2015. Effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different maize varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 7:231-240.
25.Majidi, M.M. 2012. Identification of canola cultivars for drought tolerance in germination and seedling growth stages using principal component analysis. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 2(4): 41-51.
26.Michel, B.E., & Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology. 51(5): 914-916.
27.Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. & Williams, W.A. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Sciences. 24: 1192-1199.
28.Sorkheh K., Shiran, B., Khodambashi, M., Moradi, H., Gradziel, T.M. & Martínez-Gómez, P. 2010. Correlations between quantitative tree and fruit almond traits and their implications for breeding. Scientia Horticulturae. 125: 323–331.
29.Thi Thu Ha, P., D.T. Khang, P.T. Tuyen, L.T. Minh, T.N. Minh, N.T. Lang, B.C. Buu & T. D. Xuan. 2016. Correlation among agro-morphological variation and genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress. International Letters Natural Sciences. 58: 42-53.
30.Venuprasad, R., Sta Cruz, M.T., Amante, M., Magbanua, R., Kumar, A. & Atlin, G.N. 2008. Response to two cycles of divergent selection for grain yield under drought stress in four rice breeding populations. Field Crops Research. 107: 232-244.
31.Wasaya, A., Zhang, X., Fang, Q. & Yan, Z. 2018. Root phenotyping for drought tolerance: A Review. Agronomy. 8: 241-260.
32.Weising, K., Nybom, H., Wolff, K. & Kahl, G. 2005. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. principles, Methods and Applications. 2nd Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 444 p.
.جعفرنژاد، ا.، طاهری، ج. و رهچمانله، ا. ا. 1388. بررسی تحمل به خشکی در 4 ژنوتیپ گندم، در مرحله جوانهزنی. تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی. 2(1): 85-73.
2.ریحانپور، ش.، خدارحمپور، ز. و سلطانی هویزه، م. 1399. مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی جو تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 6(4): 553-527.
3.شریفی، پ.، امین پناه، ه.، عبادی، ا. ا. و حلاجیان، م. ت. 1385. گروهبندی ژنوتیپهای برنج موتانت تحت شرایط تنش خشکی. مجله علوم زراعی ایران. 19(2): 164-148.
4.عساکره، ف. و خدارحمپور، ز. 1395. مطالعه تنوع زنتیکی تحمل به تنش خشکی در اکوتیپهای کاسنی (Cichorium intybus L.) از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 3(2): 25-13.
5.مجیدی مهر، ا. و امیری، ف. 1393. بررسی صفات بیوشیمیایی و شیمیایی ژنوتیپهای مختلف برنج تحت تنش شوری. مجله غلات. 1: 58-45.
6.موسوی، ک.، خدارحمپور، ز و گیلانی، ع. ع. 1396. گروهبندی زنوتیپهای برنج در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه تحت شرایط تنش شوری. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 4(1): 100-89.
7.Abdul-baki, A.A. & Anderson, J.D. 1975. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science. 13: 630-633.
8.Abubakar, B., Yakasal, H.M., Zawaal, N. & Ismail, M. 2018. Compositional analysis of white, brown and germinated forms of popular Malaysian rice to offer in sight in to the growing diet-related diseases. Journal of Food Drug Analysis. 26: 706-715.
9.An, Y.Y., Liang, Z.S. & Zhang, Y. 2011. Seed germination responses of Periploca sepium Bunge, a dominant shrub in the loeses hilly regions of China. Journal of Arid Environments. 75(5): 504-508.
10.Armand, N., Amiri, H. & Ismaeili, A. 2015. Effect of methanol on germination characteristics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Sadry) under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 6: 42-53.
11.Boydak, M., Dirik, H., Tllki, F. & Callkogiu, M. 2003. Effects of water stress on germination in six provenances of Pinus brutia seeds from different bioclimatic zones in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Foresty. 27(2): 91-97.
12.Chalak, L., Chehade, A. & Kadri, A. 2007. Morphological characterization of cultivated almonds in Lebanon. Fruits. 62: 177-186.
|
13.Ellis, R.A. & Roberts, E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology. 9: 373-409.
14.Espahbodi, K., Mirzaiee Nadoushan, H., Tabari, M., Akbarinia, M. & Dehghan Shooraki, Y. 2006. Investigation of genetic variation of wild service (Sorbus torminalis L. Crantz), using morphological analysis of fruits and leaves. Research Reconstruction. 72: 44-57. (In Persian)
15.Fabian, A., Jager, K. & Barnabas, B. 2008. Effects of drought and combined drought and heat stress on germination ability and seminal root growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Journal of Acta Biologica. 52: 157-159.
16.FAO, 2019. (Online) Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
17.Farshadfar, E., Haghparast, R. & Qaitoli, M. 2008. Chromosomal localization of the genes controlling agronomic and physiological indicators of drought tolerance in barley using disomic addition lines. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 7(6): 536- 543.
18.Gholami, M., Raheml, M. & Kholdebarin, B. 2010. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on seed germination of four wild almond species. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Sciences. 4(5): 785-791.
19.Ghorbani, H.R., Samizadeh Lahiji, H., Rabiei, B. & Allahgholipour, M. 2012. Rice genotypes using factor and cluster analysis. Journal of Agricultural Stable Production. 21(3): 90-104.
20.Guimaraes, C. M., Castro, A.P., Stone, L.F. & Oliveira, J.P. 2016. Drought tolerance in upland rice: identification of genotypes and agronomic characteristics. Acta Sciences. 38(1): 201-206.
21.ISTA (Inernational seed and Tecnology Association). 1996. International rules for seed testing rules. Seed Science and Technology. 24: 155-202.
22.Ktowski, F. 1926. Temperature relation to germination of vegetable seed. Proceeding American Society of Horticulture Science, 23: 176-184.
23.Li, Q.F., Zhou, Y., Xlong, M., Ren, X.Y., Han, I., Wang, J.D., Zhang, C.Q., Fan, X.L. & Liu, Q.Q. 2020. Gibberellin recovers seed germination in rice with impaired brassinosteroid signaling. Plant Sciences. 293, DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110435.
24.Liu, M., Li, M., Liu, K. & Sui, N. 2015. Effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different maize varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 7:231-240.
25.Majidi, M.M. 2012. Identification of canola cultivars for drought tolerance in germination and seedling growth stages using principal component analysis. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 2(4): 41-51.
26.Michel, B.E., & Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology. 51(5): 914-916.
27.Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. & Williams, W.A. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Sciences. 24: 1192-1199.
28.Sorkheh K., Shiran, B., Khodambashi, M., Moradi, H., Gradziel, T.M. & Martínez-Gómez, P. 2010. Correlations between quantitative tree and fruit almond traits and their implications for breeding. Scientia Horticulturae. 125: 323–331.
29.Thi Thu Ha, P., D.T. Khang, P.T. Tuyen, L.T. Minh, T.N. Minh, N.T. Lang, B.C. Buu & T. D. Xuan. 2016. Correlation among agro-morphological variation and genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress. International Letters Natural Sciences. 58: 42-53.
30.Venuprasad, R., Sta Cruz, M.T., Amante, M., Magbanua, R., Kumar, A. & Atlin, G.N. 2008. Response to two cycles of divergent selection for grain yield under drought stress in four rice breeding populations. Field Crops Research. 107: 232-244.
31.Wasaya, A., Zhang, X., Fang, Q. & Yan, Z. 2018. Root phenotyping for drought tolerance: A Review. Agronomy. 8: 241-260.
32.Weising, K., Nybom, H., Wolff, K. & Kahl, G. 2005. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. principles, Methods and Applications. 2nd Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 444 p.
.جعفرنژاد، ا.، طاهری، ج. و رهچمانله، ا. ا. 1388. بررسی تحمل به خشکی در 4 ژنوتیپ گندم، در مرحله جوانهزنی. تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی. 2(1): 85-73.
2.ریحانپور، ش.، خدارحمپور، ز. و سلطانی هویزه، م. 1399. مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی جو تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 6(4): 553-527.
3.شریفی، پ.، امین پناه، ه.، عبادی، ا. ا. و حلاجیان، م. ت. 1385. گروهبندی ژنوتیپهای برنج موتانت تحت شرایط تنش خشکی. مجله علوم زراعی ایران. 19(2): 164-148.
4.عساکره، ف. و خدارحمپور، ز. 1395. مطالعه تنوع زنتیکی تحمل به تنش خشکی در اکوتیپهای کاسنی (Cichorium intybus L.) از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 3(2): 25-13.
5.مجیدی مهر، ا. و امیری، ف. 1393. بررسی صفات بیوشیمیایی و شیمیایی ژنوتیپهای مختلف برنج تحت تنش شوری. مجله غلات. 1: 58-45.
6.موسوی، ک.، خدارحمپور، ز و گیلانی، ع. ع. 1396. گروهبندی زنوتیپهای برنج در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه تحت شرایط تنش شوری. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 4(1): 100-89.
7.Abdul-baki, A.A. & Anderson, J.D. 1975. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science. 13: 630-633.
8.Abubakar, B., Yakasal, H.M., Zawaal, N. & Ismail, M. 2018. Compositional analysis of white, brown and germinated forms of popular Malaysian rice to offer in sight in to the growing diet-related diseases. Journal of Food Drug Analysis. 26: 706-715.
9.An, Y.Y., Liang, Z.S. & Zhang, Y. 2011. Seed germination responses of Periploca sepium Bunge, a dominant shrub in the loeses hilly regions of China. Journal of Arid Environments. 75(5): 504-508.
10.Armand, N., Amiri, H. & Ismaeili, A. 2015. Effect of methanol on germination characteristics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Sadry) under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 6: 42-53.
11.Boydak, M., Dirik, H., Tllki, F. & Callkogiu, M. 2003. Effects of water stress on germination in six provenances of Pinus brutia seeds from different bioclimatic zones in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Foresty. 27(2): 91-97.
12.Chalak, L., Chehade, A. & Kadri, A. 2007. Morphological characterization of cultivated almonds in Lebanon. Fruits. 62: 177-186.
|
13.Ellis, R.A. & Roberts, E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology. 9: 373-409.
14.Espahbodi, K., Mirzaiee Nadoushan, H., Tabari, M., Akbarinia, M. & Dehghan Shooraki, Y. 2006. Investigation of genetic variation of wild service (Sorbus torminalis L. Crantz), using morphological analysis of fruits and leaves. Research Reconstruction. 72: 44-57. (In Persian)
15.Fabian, A., Jager, K. & Barnabas, B. 2008. Effects of drought and combined drought and heat stress on germination ability and seminal root growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Journal of Acta Biologica. 52: 157-159.
16.FAO, 2019. (Online) Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
17.Farshadfar, E., Haghparast, R. & Qaitoli, M. 2008. Chromosomal localization of the genes controlling agronomic and physiological indicators of drought tolerance in barley using disomic addition lines. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 7(6): 536- 543.
18.Gholami, M., Raheml, M. & Kholdebarin, B. 2010. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on seed germination of four wild almond species. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Sciences. 4(5): 785-791.
19.Ghorbani, H.R., Samizadeh Lahiji, H., Rabiei, B. & Allahgholipour, M. 2012. Rice genotypes using factor and cluster analysis. Journal of Agricultural Stable Production. 21(3): 90-104.
20.Guimaraes, C. M., Castro, A.P., Stone, L.F. & Oliveira, J.P. 2016. Drought tolerance in upland rice: identification of genotypes and agronomic characteristics. Acta Sciences. 38(1): 201-206.
21.ISTA (Inernational seed and Tecnology Association). 1996. International rules for seed testing rules. Seed Science and Technology. 24: 155-202.
22.Ktowski, F. 1926. Temperature relation to germination of vegetable seed. Proceeding American Society of Horticulture Science, 23: 176-184.
23.Li, Q.F., Zhou, Y., Xlong, M., Ren, X.Y., Han, I., Wang, J.D., Zhang, C.Q., Fan, X.L. & Liu, Q.Q. 2020. Gibberellin recovers seed germination in rice with impaired brassinosteroid signaling. Plant Sciences. 293, DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110435.
24.Liu, M., Li, M., Liu, K. & Sui, N. 2015. Effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different maize varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 7:231-240.
25.Majidi, M.M. 2012. Identification of canola cultivars for drought tolerance in germination and seedling growth stages using principal component analysis. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 2(4): 41-51.
26.Michel, B.E., & Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology. 51(5): 914-916.
27.Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. & Williams, W.A. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Sciences. 24: 1192-1199.
28.Sorkheh K., Shiran, B., Khodambashi, M., Moradi, H., Gradziel, T.M. & Martínez-Gómez, P. 2010. Correlations between quantitative tree and fruit almond traits and their implications for breeding. Scientia Horticulturae. 125: 323–331.
29.Thi Thu Ha, P., D.T. Khang, P.T. Tuyen, L.T. Minh, T.N. Minh, N.T. Lang, B.C. Buu & T. D. Xuan. 2016. Correlation among agro-morphological variation and genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress. International Letters Natural Sciences. 58: 42-53.
30.Venuprasad, R., Sta Cruz, M.T., Amante, M., Magbanua, R., Kumar, A. & Atlin, G.N. 2008. Response to two cycles of divergent selection for grain yield under drought stress in four rice breeding populations. Field Crops Research. 107: 232-244.
31.Wasaya, A., Zhang, X., Fang, Q. & Yan, Z. 2018. Root phenotyping for drought tolerance: A Review. Agronomy. 8: 241-260.
32.Weising, K., Nybom, H., Wolff, K. & Kahl, G. 2005. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. principles, Methods and Applications. 2nd Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 444 p.
.جعفرنژاد، ا.، طاهری، ج. و رهچمانله، ا. ا. 1388. بررسی تحمل به خشکی در 4 ژنوتیپ گندم، در مرحله جوانهزنی. تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی. 2(1): 85-73.
2.ریحانپور، ش.، خدارحمپور، ز. و سلطانی هویزه، م. 1399. مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی جو تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 6(4): 553-527.
3.شریفی، پ.، امین پناه، ه.، عبادی، ا. ا. و حلاجیان، م. ت. 1385. گروهبندی ژنوتیپهای برنج موتانت تحت شرایط تنش خشکی. مجله علوم زراعی ایران. 19(2): 164-148.
4.عساکره، ف. و خدارحمپور، ز. 1395. مطالعه تنوع زنتیکی تحمل به تنش خشکی در اکوتیپهای کاسنی (Cichorium intybus L.) از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 3(2): 25-13.
5.مجیدی مهر، ا. و امیری، ف. 1393. بررسی صفات بیوشیمیایی و شیمیایی ژنوتیپهای مختلف برنج تحت تنش شوری. مجله غلات. 1: 58-45.
6.موسوی، ک.، خدارحمپور، ز و گیلانی، ع. ع. 1396. گروهبندی زنوتیپهای برنج در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه تحت شرایط تنش شوری. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 4(1): 100-89.
7.Abdul-baki, A.A. & Anderson, J.D. 1975. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science. 13: 630-633.
8.Abubakar, B., Yakasal, H.M., Zawaal, N. & Ismail, M. 2018. Compositional analysis of white, brown and germinated forms of popular Malaysian rice to offer in sight in to the growing diet-related diseases. Journal of Food Drug Analysis. 26: 706-715.
9.An, Y.Y., Liang, Z.S. & Zhang, Y. 2011. Seed germination responses of Periploca sepium Bunge, a dominant shrub in the loeses hilly regions of China. Journal of Arid Environments. 75(5): 504-508.
10.Armand, N., Amiri, H. & Ismaeili, A. 2015. Effect of methanol on germination characteristics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Sadry) under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 6: 42-53.
11.Boydak, M., Dirik, H., Tllki, F. & Callkogiu, M. 2003. Effects of water stress on germination in six provenances of Pinus brutia seeds from different bioclimatic zones in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Foresty. 27(2): 91-97.
12.Chalak, L., Chehade, A. & Kadri, A. 2007. Morphological characterization of cultivated almonds in Lebanon. Fruits. 62: 177-186.
|
13.Ellis, R.A. & Roberts, E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology. 9: 373-409.
14.Espahbodi, K., Mirzaiee Nadoushan, H., Tabari, M., Akbarinia, M. & Dehghan Shooraki, Y. 2006. Investigation of genetic variation of wild service (Sorbus torminalis L. Crantz), using morphological analysis of fruits and leaves. Research Reconstruction. 72: 44-57. (In Persian)
15.Fabian, A., Jager, K. & Barnabas, B. 2008. Effects of drought and combined drought and heat stress on germination ability and seminal root growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Journal of Acta Biologica. 52: 157-159.
16.FAO, 2019. (Online) Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
17.Farshadfar, E., Haghparast, R. & Qaitoli, M. 2008. Chromosomal localization of the genes controlling agronomic and physiological indicators of drought tolerance in barley using disomic addition lines. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 7(6): 536- 543.
18.Gholami, M., Raheml, M. & Kholdebarin, B. 2010. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on seed germination of four wild almond species. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Sciences. 4(5): 785-791.
19.Ghorbani, H.R., Samizadeh Lahiji, H., Rabiei, B. & Allahgholipour, M. 2012. Rice genotypes using factor and cluster analysis. Journal of Agricultural Stable Production. 21(3): 90-104.
20.Guimaraes, C. M., Castro, A.P., Stone, L.F. & Oliveira, J.P. 2016. Drought tolerance in upland rice: identification of genotypes and agronomic characteristics. Acta Sciences. 38(1): 201-206.
21.ISTA (Inernational seed and Tecnology Association). 1996. International rules for seed testing rules. Seed Science and Technology. 24: 155-202.
22.Ktowski, F. 1926. Temperature relation to germination of vegetable seed. Proceeding American Society of Horticulture Science, 23: 176-184.
23.Li, Q.F., Zhou, Y., Xlong, M., Ren, X.Y., Han, I., Wang, J.D., Zhang, C.Q., Fan, X.L. & Liu, Q.Q. 2020. Gibberellin recovers seed germination in rice with impaired brassinosteroid signaling. Plant Sciences. 293, DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110435.
24.Liu, M., Li, M., Liu, K. & Sui, N. 2015. Effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different maize varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 7:231-240.
25.Majidi, M.M. 2012. Identification of canola cultivars for drought tolerance in germination and seedling growth stages using principal component analysis. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 2(4): 41-51.
26.Michel, B.E., & Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology. 51(5): 914-916.
27.Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. & Williams, W.A. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Sciences. 24: 1192-1199.
28.Sorkheh K., Shiran, B., Khodambashi, M., Moradi, H., Gradziel, T.M. & Martínez-Gómez, P. 2010. Correlations between quantitative tree and fruit almond traits and their implications for breeding. Scientia Horticulturae. 125: 323–331.
29.Thi Thu Ha, P., D.T. Khang, P.T. Tuyen, L.T. Minh, T.N. Minh, N.T. Lang, B.C. Buu & T. D. Xuan. 2016. Correlation among agro-morphological variation and genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress. International Letters Natural Sciences. 58: 42-53.
30.Venuprasad, R., Sta Cruz, M.T., Amante, M., Magbanua, R., Kumar, A. & Atlin, G.N. 2008. Response to two cycles of divergent selection for grain yield under drought stress in four rice breeding populations. Field Crops Research. 107: 232-244.
31.Wasaya, A., Zhang, X., Fang, Q. & Yan, Z. 2018. Root phenotyping for drought tolerance: A Review. Agronomy. 8: 241-260.
32.Weising, K., Nybom, H., Wolff, K. & Kahl, G. 2005. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. principles, Methods and Applications. 2nd Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 444 p.
.جعفرنژاد، ا.، طاهری، ج. و رهچمانله، ا. ا. 1388. بررسی تحمل به خشکی در 4 ژنوتیپ گندم، در مرحله جوانهزنی. تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی. 2(1): 85-73.
2.ریحانپور، ش.، خدارحمپور، ز. و سلطانی هویزه، م. 1399. مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی جو تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 6(4): 553-527.
3.شریفی، پ.، امین پناه، ه.، عبادی، ا. ا. و حلاجیان، م. ت. 1385. گروهبندی ژنوتیپهای برنج موتانت تحت شرایط تنش خشکی. مجله علوم زراعی ایران. 19(2): 164-148.
4.عساکره، ف. و خدارحمپور، ز. 1395. مطالعه تنوع زنتیکی تحمل به تنش خشکی در اکوتیپهای کاسنی (Cichorium intybus L.) از طریق تجزیه چند متغیره. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 3(2): 25-13.
5.مجیدی مهر، ا. و امیری، ف. 1393. بررسی صفات بیوشیمیایی و شیمیایی ژنوتیپهای مختلف برنج تحت تنش شوری. مجله غلات. 1: 58-45.
6.موسوی، ک.، خدارحمپور، ز و گیلانی، ع. ع. 1396. گروهبندی زنوتیپهای برنج در مرحله جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه تحت شرایط تنش شوری. مجله علوم و تحقیقات بذر. 4(1): 100-89.
7.Abdul-baki, A.A. & Anderson, J.D. 1975. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science. 13: 630-633.
8.Abubakar, B., Yakasal, H.M., Zawaal, N. & Ismail, M. 2018. Compositional analysis of white, brown and germinated forms of popular Malaysian rice to offer in sight in to the growing diet-related diseases. Journal of Food Drug Analysis. 26: 706-715.
9.An, Y.Y., Liang, Z.S. & Zhang, Y. 2011. Seed germination responses of Periploca sepium Bunge, a dominant shrub in the loeses hilly regions of China. Journal of Arid Environments. 75(5): 504-508.
10.Armand, N., Amiri, H. & Ismaeili, A. 2015. Effect of methanol on germination characteristics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Sadry) under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 6: 42-53.
11.Boydak, M., Dirik, H., Tllki, F. & Callkogiu, M. 2003. Effects of water stress on germination in six provenances of Pinus brutia seeds from different bioclimatic zones in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Foresty. 27(2): 91-97.
12.Chalak, L., Chehade, A. & Kadri, A. 2007. Morphological characterization of cultivated almonds in Lebanon. Fruits. 62: 177-186.
|
13.Ellis, R.A. & Roberts, E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology. 9: 373-409.
14.Espahbodi, K., Mirzaiee Nadoushan, H., Tabari, M., Akbarinia, M. & Dehghan Shooraki, Y. 2006. Investigation of genetic variation of wild service (Sorbus torminalis L. Crantz), using morphological analysis of fruits and leaves. Research Reconstruction. 72: 44-57. (In Persian)
15.Fabian, A., Jager, K. & Barnabas, B. 2008. Effects of drought and combined drought and heat stress on germination ability and seminal root growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Journal of Acta Biologica. 52: 157-159.
16.FAO, 2019. (Online) Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
17.Farshadfar, E., Haghparast, R. & Qaitoli, M. 2008. Chromosomal localization of the genes controlling agronomic and physiological indicators of drought tolerance in barley using disomic addition lines. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 7(6): 536- 543.
18.Gholami, M., Raheml, M. & Kholdebarin, B. 2010. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on seed germination of four wild almond species. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Sciences. 4(5): 785-791.
19.Ghorbani, H.R., Samizadeh Lahiji, H., Rabiei, B. & Allahgholipour, M. 2012. Rice genotypes using factor and cluster analysis. Journal of Agricultural Stable Production. 21(3): 90-104.
20.Guimaraes, C. M., Castro, A.P., Stone, L.F. & Oliveira, J.P. 2016. Drought tolerance in upland rice: identification of genotypes and agronomic characteristics. Acta Sciences. 38(1): 201-206.
21.ISTA (Inernational seed and Tecnology Association). 1996. International rules for seed testing rules. Seed Science and Technology. 24: 155-202.
22.Ktowski, F. 1926. Temperature relation to germination of vegetable seed. Proceeding American Society of Horticulture Science, 23: 176-184.
23.Li, Q.F., Zhou, Y., Xlong, M., Ren, X.Y., Han, I., Wang, J.D., Zhang, C.Q., Fan, X.L. & Liu, Q.Q. 2020. Gibberellin recovers seed germination in rice with impaired brassinosteroid signaling. Plant Sciences. 293, DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110435.
24.Liu, M., Li, M., Liu, K. & Sui, N. 2015. Effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different maize varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 7:231-240.
25.Majidi, M.M. 2012. Identification of canola cultivars for drought tolerance in germination and seedling growth stages using principal component analysis. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 2(4): 41-51.
26.Michel, B.E., & Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology. 51(5): 914-916.
27.Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. & Williams, W.A. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Sciences. 24: 1192-1199.
28.Sorkheh K., Shiran, B., Khodambashi, M., Moradi, H., Gradziel, T.M. & Martínez-Gómez, P. 2010. Correlations between quantitative tree and fruit almond traits and their implications for breeding. Scientia Horticulturae. 125: 323–331.
29.Thi Thu Ha, P., D.T. Khang, P.T. Tuyen, L.T. Minh, T.N. Minh, N.T. Lang, B.C. Buu & T. D. Xuan. 2016. Correlation among agro-morphological variation and genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress. International Letters Natural Sciences. 58: 42-53.
30.Venuprasad, R., Sta Cruz, M.T., Amante, M., Magbanua, R., Kumar, A. & Atlin, G.N. 2008. Response to two cycles of divergent selection for grain yield under drought stress in four rice breeding populations. Field Crops Research. 107: 232-244.
31.Wasaya, A., Zhang, X., Fang, Q. & Yan, Z. 2018. Root phenotyping for drought tolerance: A Review. Agronomy. 8: 241-260.
32.Weising, K., Nybom, H., Wolff, K. & Kahl, G. 2005. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. principles, Methods and Applications. 2nd Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 444 p.
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