بررسی غلظت‌های روی، سرب، کادمیوم و مس در گندم و نان مصرفی در شهر همدان

محورهای موضوعی : علوم و صنایع غذایی

سامان کیان‌پور ¹ (دانش‌‌ آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌‌زیست، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران)
سهیل سبحان اردکانی ² (دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/08/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/06/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/10/01

کلید واژه: گندم, همدان, فلزات سنگین, نان,

چکیده مقاله :

با گسترش آلاینده ‌‌های محیطی و به ‌‌تبع آن ورود آن‌‌ها به زنجیر غذایی، بررسی در مورد انواع آلودگی و بهداشت مواد غذایی حائز اهمیت است. لذا، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی محتوی عناصر روی، سرب، کادمیوم و مس در محصول گندم و نان مصرفی شهر همدان در سال 1393 انجام یافت. بدین منظور 4 مزرعه کشت گندم و 4 نانوایی پخت انواع نان لواش، بربری، سنگک و فرانسوی انتخاب و نمونه‌‌ برداری از آن‌ ‌ها مطابق روش استاندارد انجام شد. پس از انجام مراحل آماده‌‌سازی نمونه‌‌‌ها به‌روش هضم اسیدی، غلظت عناصر در آن‌ها توسط دستگاه نشر اتمی (ICP) در 3 تکرار خوانده شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین غلظت عناصر روی، سرب، کادمیوم و مس در نمونه‌های نان بر حسب میلی‌‌گرم در کیلوگرم برابر با 48/2 ± 47/5، 04/0 ± 06/0، 36/0 ± 92/0 و 14/0 ± 57/1 و در نمونه‌ ‌های گندم بر حسب میلی‌‌گرم در کیلوگرم برابر با 34/1 ± 93/4، 16/0 ± 17/0، 55/0 ± 92/0 و 31/0 ± 02/1 بود. از طرفی نتایج بیان‌‌ گر آن بود که میانگین غلظت عناصر روی، سرب و مس کم‌ ‌تر و میانگین غلظت عنصر کادمیوم بیش‌‌ تر از حد مجاز WHO است. از این‌‌‌رو، آلودگی محصول گندم و نان مصرفی شهر همدان به‌‌دلایلی همچون استفاده طولانی‌‌مدت و بی‌‌ رویه از نهاده‌ ‌های کشاورزی به‌ ‌ویژه کودهای فسفاته و فاضلاب شهری برای آبیاری، استقرار مزارع در مجاوت صنایع و جاده‌های مواصلاتی می‌‌ تواند تبعات بهداشتی غیرقابل جبرانی برای مصرف‌‌ کنندگان به‌دنبال داشته باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Due to an increase of environmental pollutants and their consequences entry in foods, studies on the types of pollution in different food types become of high importance. The present study was carried out to assess Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu contents in wheat and bread of Hamedan City during 2015. For this purpose, 4 wheat farms and 4 bakeries (Lavash, Barbari, Sangak and French bread types) were selected for sampling. After acid-digestion method, the concentrations of the metals were determined using ICP-OES in 3 replications. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package. Results showed that the mean concentrations (mg/kg) of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu in the bread samples were 5.47 ± 2.48, 0.06 ± 0.04, 0.92 ± 0.36 and 1.57 ± 0.14, respectively. The mean concentration of these metals (mg/kg) in the wheat samples were 4.93 ± 1.34, 0.17 ± 0.16, 0.92 ± 0.55 and 1.02 ± 0.31, respectively. Also comparing of the mean concentrations of metals with WHO permissible limits it was revealed that the mean concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cu were lower than permissible limits, meanwhile concentrations of Cd was higher than permissible limits. It seems that excessive using of agricultural inputs and application of sewage sludge and wastewater for irrigation could be the main reason for the high concentrations of heavy metals in agricultural products and could have public health consequences. 

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