مروری جامع بر ساختار، خواص و کاربرد رنگ‌دانه فیکوسیانین
محورهای موضوعی : علوم و صنایع غذاییرضا صفری 1 , سهیل ریحانی پول 2 , سکینه یگانه 3
1 - استادیار، پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران
2 - دانش‌آموخته دکتری تخصصی، گروه فرآوری محصولات شیلاتی، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 - استاد، گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
کلید واژه: فیکوسیانین, خواص دارویی, ساختار شیمیایی, روش‌های استخراج, فعالیت ضد باکتریایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از مطالعه مروری حاضر، ارزیابی خصوصیات ذاتی و کاربردهای مختلف رنگ‌دانه فیکوسیانین در صنایع غذایی و دارویی است. ضمن این‌که، در هر بخش سابقه کاملی از تحقیقات انجام یافته در زمینه فیکوسیانین ارائه شده است. فیکوسیانین، رنگ‌دانه آبی، گیرنده نور با خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی و فلورسنت در سیانوباکتری ها و دو جلبک از جنس رودوفیت ها و کریپتوفیت ها است. رنگ‌دانه فیکوسیانین از دو زیر واحد نسبتاً مشابهα وβ تشکیل شده است. زنجیره آلفا شامل یک فیکوسیانوبیلین متصل به سیستئین 89 و زنجیره بتا شامل دو فیکوسیانوبیلین متصل به سیستئین های 84 و 155 است. فیکوسیانین به شکل تجاری از اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس، در قالب کشت های فتواتوتروف و در محیط های باز در حوضچه های بزرگ یا استخر های نقاط گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری در حواشی اقیانوس ها تولید می‌شود. این رنگ‌دانه با استفاده از تکنیک های مختلف از جمله روش آنزیمی، اولتراسوند، انجماد-انجمادزدایی، حلال معدنی، هموژنیزاسیون، استرس و شوک اسمزی، فشار هیدرواستاتیک بالا، اولتراسانتریفوژ و اولتراهموژنیزاسیون از جلبک مذکور قابل استخراج است. بسته به شرایط استخراج، هر روش دارای مزایا و معایبی است؛ اما دو روش آنزیمی و اولتراسوند نسبت به سایر روش ها کارائی بیشتری دارند. فیکوسیانین دارای خواص دارویی و درمانی متعددی از جمله ضدسرطان و ضدالتهاب است؛ ضمن این‌که تأثیر مثبت این رنگ‌دانه بر سلول های عصبی، کلیه و دستگاه ایمنی تائید شده است. فیکوسیانین با دارا بودن سه خاصیت رنگ دهندگی، آنتی اکسیدانی و ضدمیکروبی پتانسل بالقوه ای جهت استفاده در فرمولاسیون مواد غذایی مختلف از جمله ماست، پنیر، بستنی و غیره دارد که این موارد در تحقیقات مختلف ثابت شده است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
This review aims to evaluate the intrinsic properties and different applications of phycocyanin pigment in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in each section, a detailed history of the research conducted in the field of phycocyanin is presented. Phycocyanin is a blue pigment, a light receiver with antioxidant and fluorescent properties in cyanobacteria, and two algae from the genus rhodophytes and cryptophytes. Phycocyanin pigment consists of two relatively similar subunits α and β. The alpha chain contains one phycocyanobilin attached to cysteine 89 and the beta chain contains two phycocyanobilins attached to cysteines 84 and 155. Phycocyanin is commercially produced from spirulina algae (spirulina platensis), in the form of photoautotrophic cultures, and open environments in large ponds or pools in tropical or subtropical areas at the edges of oceans. This pigment can be extracted from the mentioned algae by using different techniques such as enzymatic method, ultrasound, freezing-defrosting, mineral solvent, homogenization, stress and osmotic shock, high hydrostatic pressure, ultracentrifuge, and ultra homogenization. Depending on the extraction conditions, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but the enzymatic and ultrasound methods are more efficient than other methods. Phycocyanin has many medicinal and therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory; In addition, the positive effect of this pigment on nerve cells, kidneys, and the immune system has been confirmed. Phycocyanin, having three colorings, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, has the potential to be used in various food formulations, such as yogurt, cheese, ice cream, etc., which have been proven in various research.
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Abalde, J., Betancourt, L., Torres, E., Cid, A. and Barwell, C. (1998). Purification and characterization of phycocyanin from the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus IO9201. Plant Science, 136(1): 109-120.
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Barberan F. A. (1997). Determination of authenticity of fruit jams by HPLC analysis of anthocyanins. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 73(2): 207-213.
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