بررسی تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی اسانس و عملکرد رشد گیاه دارویی Thymus daenensis Celak. تحت تأثیر نور و اسید سالیسیلیک
محورهای موضوعی :
گیاهان دارویی
لیلا عبدی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران)
حمیدرضا اصغری
2
(دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران)
مجید تولیت ابوالحسنی
3
(استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران)
محمدرضا عامریان
4
(دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران)
حسنعلی نقدی بادی
5
(دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/08/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/08/30
کلید واژه:
اسانس,
اسید سالیسیلیک,
آویشن,
تیمول,
نور,
کارواکرول,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس و عملکرد رشد آویشن دنایی Thymus daenensis Celak. متأثر از نور و اسید سالیسیلیک، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای مورد آزمایش شامل محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در سه سطح (0/2-0 مولار) و دو سطح نوری (100-50 درصد) لحاظ شد. به‌منظور ایجاد 50 درصد سایه دهی از تورهای مخصوص استفاده شد. میزان کاهش نور در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد توسط لوکس متر اندازه‌گیری و محلول پاشی گیاهان قبل از شروع گل دهی انجام گرفت. اسانس سرشاخه‌های گلدار گیاه با استفاده از دستگاه تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) استخراج و ترکیبات اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه GC-MS شناسایی گردید. بیشترین میزان عملکرد اسانس مربوط به سرشاخه‌های گلدار به‌ترتیب از تیمار 0/1 مولار اسیدسالیسلیک 33/35 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 24/33 سانتی‌متر و از تیمار نور کامل 32/50 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 22/47 سانتی‌متر بدست آمد. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (5/2 میلی‌گرم در گرم)، کلروفیل b (1/98 میلی‌گرم در گرم) و تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی (180/35 عدد) به واسطه کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 1/0 مولار × تیمار 50 درصد نور به‌طور معنی‌داری در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. میزان اسانس با افزایش شدت نور کاهش یافت و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک سبب بهبود این صفت گردید. به‌طوری‌که با شدت نور کامل به کمترین میزان 1/95 درصد رسید و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 0/1 مولار سبب افزایش درصد اسانس (3/1) نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. بیشترین اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس آویشن با کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 0/1 مولار × تیمار50 درصد نور شامل کارواکرول (4/4 درصد)، پارا- سیمن (14/6 درصد)، بتا- کاریوفیلین (5/95 درصد) می‌باشد. همچنین بیشترین میزان تیمول مربوط به تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک 0/1 مولار (59/66 درصد) و نور کامل (57/8 درصد) بود. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک بر بهبود ویژگی‌های کیفی و کمی اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس گیاه آویشن دنایی تأثیر مثبتی دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In this study, to investigate the phytochemical changes of essential oil and growth performance of Thymus daenensis Celak. affected by light and salicylic acid, an experiment was conducted as a split plot in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The tested factors included salicylic acid foliar spraying at three levels (0-0.2 M) and two light levels (50-100%). Special nets were used to create 50% shading. The amount of light reduction compared to the control treatment was measured by a lux meter. Foliar spraying was done before flowering. Plant essential oil was obtained from flowering aerial branches by Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. The highest yield of flowering branches and height were from 0.1 M salicylic acid (33.35 kg/ha and 24.33 cm, respectively) and full light treatments (32.50 kg/ha and 22.47cm respectively). The highest amount of chlorophyll a (5.2 mg/g), chlorophyll b (1.98 mg/g) and the number of lateral branches (180/35) due to the application of 0.1 M salicylic acid × 50% light treatment significantly increased compared to the control treatment. The amount of essential oil decreased with increasing light intensity and the use of salicylic acid improved this attribute. So that with full light intensity it reached the lowest level of 1.95% and the application of 0.1 M salicylic acid increased the percentage of essential oil (3.1) compared to the control treatment. The most components of thyme essential oil with the use of 0.1 M salicylic acid× 50% light treatment include carvacrol (4.4%), paracetamol (14.6%), beta-caryophylline (5.95%). Also, the highest amount of thymol was related to 0.1 M salicylic acid treatment (59.66%) and full light (57.8%). In general, the results showed that the use of salicylic acid has a positive effect on improving the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the essential oil components of thyme. (5.95%). Also, the highest amount of thymol was related to 0.1 M salicylic acid (59.66%) and full light (57.8%). In general, the results showed that the application of salicylic acid had a positive effect on improving the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the essential oil components of thyme.
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Adams, R.P. 2001. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corporation Carol Stream. IL.
Ade–Ademilua, E.O., Obi, H.O. and Craker, L.E. 2013. Growth and essential oil yield of African Basil. Ocimum gratissimum. under light and water stress. Journl of Medicinally active plants, 1 (4): 142-149.
Al-Mariri, A., Swied, G., Oda, A. and Al Hallab, L. 2013. Antibacterial activity of Thymus syriacus essential oil and its components against some Syrian Gram-negative bacteria isolates. Iran J. Med. Sci., 38(2): 180-186.
Arnon, A.N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agron. J, 23:112-121.
Bakry, B.A., El Hariri, D.M., Mervat. S.S. and El Bassiouny, H.M.S. 2012. Drought stress mitigation by foliar application of salicylic acid in two linseed varieties grown under newly reclaimed sandy Aoil. Journal of applied sciences research, 7: 3503-3514.
Baj, T., Baryluk, A., and Sieniawska, E. 2018. Application of mixture design for optimum antioxidant activity of mixtures of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Ind. Crops Prod, 115: 52–61.
Chang, X., Alderson, P.G. and Wright, C.J. 2007. Solar irradiance level alters the growth of Basil (Ocimum basilicum ) and its content of volatile oils. Environ. Exp. Bot, 63: 216–223.
Chen, J.W., Kuang, S.B., Long, G.Q., Yang, S.C., Meng, Z.G., Li, L.G., Chen, Z.J. and Zhang, G.H. 2016. Photosynthesis light energy partitioning and photoprotection in the shade-demanding species Panax notoginseng under high and low level of growth irradiance. Functional Plant Biology, 43: 479-491.
DebMandal, S.M. 2016. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oils, in: V. Preedy (Ed.), Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, Academic Press, London, UK, pp, 825–834.
Ding, Y., Sun, T., Ao, K., Peng, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, X. and Zhang, Y. 2018. Opposite roles of salicylic acid receptors NPR1 and NPR3 / NPR4 in transcriptional regulation of plant immunity. Cell 173, this issue, 1454–1467.
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Fernandez, M.B., Tossi, V., Lamattina, L. and Cassia, R. 2016. A comprehensive phylogeny reveals functional conservation of the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 from green algae to higher plants. Front. Plant Sci, 7:1698.
Fiorucci, A.S., and Fankhauser, C. 2017. Plant strategies for enhancing access to sunlight. Cur. Biol, 27: 931–940.
Figurera, P., Marely, G., Rocha, N.E. and Reynosa, R. 2014. Effect of chemical elicitors on peppermint (Mentha piperita) plants and their impact on the metabolite profil and antioxidant capacity of resulting infusion. Food Chemistry, 156: 273-278.
Golparvar, A.R. 2011. Effects of phenological stages on quality and quantity of essential oil in Kermanian Thyme (Thymus caramanicus ). Electronic J of Bio, 7(4): 70-73.
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Heidari, Z., Salehzadeh, A., Sadat Shandiz, S.A. 2018. Anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties of ethanolic leaf extract of Thymus vulgaris and its bio-functionalized silver nanoparticles, 3 Biotech, 8: 1–14.
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Kuete, V. 2017. Thymous vulgaris, in: V. Kuete (Ed.), Medicinal spices and vegetables from Africa, first ed. Elsevier Inc, pp. 599–609.
Letchamo, W., Xu, H.L. and Gosselin, A. 2015. Variations in photosynthesis and essential oil in thyme. J of Plant Physiol, 147(1): 29-37.
Li, H., Xu, H., Zhang, P., Gao, M., Wang, D., and Zhao, H. 2017. High temperature effects on D1 protein turnover in three wheat varieties with different heat susceptibility. Plant Growth Regulation, 81: 1-9.
Li, G., Zhang, W., Benoit, F. and Ceustermans, N. Effects of environment factors on the growth and incidence of blossom-end rot in soilless Capsicum fructescens var. grossum. Acta Hort, 633: 382–389.
Li, Y., Yang, Y., Hu, Y., Liu, H., He, M., Yang, Z., Kong, F., Liu, X., and Hou, X. 2019. DELLA and EDS1 form a feedback regulatory module to fine-tune plant growth–defense tradeoff in Arabidopsis. Mol. Plant, 12: 1485-1498.
Li, F.W. and Mathews, S. 2016. Evolutionary aspects of plant photoreceptors. J. Plant Res, 129:115–122.
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