ارزیابی فیتوشیمیایی جمعیت‌های مختلف گونه Tanacetum pinnatum در رویشگاه‌های طبیعی با استفاده از روش‌های چند متغیره
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
فاطمه السادات سری
1
,
محمدباقر رضایی
2
,
عباس قمری زارع
3
,
حسنعلی نقدی بادی
4
,
علی مهرآفرین
5
1 - دکتری، گروه باغبانی،دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استاد، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران
5 - استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: تنوع ژنتیکی, اقلیم, اسانس, جمعیت, Tanacetum pinnatum Boiss,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاهTanacetum pinnatum Boiss. چند ساله و بومی ایران از خانواده ستاره آسا (Asteraceae) می‌باشد. این گیاه به عنوان ضد آلرژی و ضد التهاب و برای درمان برخی از مشکلات گوارشی استفاده می شود. همچنین اسانس این گیاه دارای ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی و ضد باکتری می باشد. در این تحقیق ابتدا اندام هوایی گیاه در مرحله گلدهی کامل به‌طور تصادفی از چهار استان تهران، البرز، همدان و کرمانشاه از اواسط خرداد تا اواسط مرداد ماه سال 1395 جمع آوری شدند. پس از خشک شدن، عمل اسانس گیری با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب به کمک دستگاه کلونجر انجام شد. در نهایت پس ازآب گیری از اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنجی جرمی تجزیه شیمیایی انجام شد. اثر جمعیت بر میزان اسانس برگ و گل (P<0.01) معنی دار بود که به نظر می‌رسد به‌دلیل فاکتورهای جغرافیایی و نوع اقلیم بوده است. تعداد 50 ترکیب با توجه به نتایج GC/MS در اسانس گل و برگ جمعیت‌ها شناسایی شد که 13 ترکیب دارای بیشترین فراوانی در بین جمعیت‌ها و بیشترین درصد در اسانس برگ و گل بودند. گروه‌بندی جمعیت‌ها بر اساس ارزیابی فیتوشیمایی آنها با پراکنش جغرافیایی آنها مطابقت نداشت. اما در هر حال مناطقی که جمعیت ها دارای میزان ژرانیل استات[1]، بتا اودسمول[2] و کوبنول بالاتری در گل و برگ بودند، از متوسط بارندگی سالیانه و ارتفاع بیشتر، متوسط ساعت آفتابی و درجه حرارت سالیانه کمتری برخوردار بودند (جمعیت 1 و 4). در حالی که در مناطقی که جمعیت ها دارای میزان بالاتری آلفا کادینن[3] در گل بودند، دارای بیشترین متوسط رطوبت نسبی، کمترین میزان بارندگی و درجه حرارت سالیانه بودند. جمعیت 1 دارای بیشترین میزان بتا اودسمول گل و جزو جمعیت هایی بود که بین میزان اسانس گل و برگ و اجزای اسانس همبستگی مثبت نشان داد. در نتیجه بهترین جمعیت در رویشگاه طبیعی جمعیت 1 بود.
Tanacetum pinnatum Boiss. is a perennial plant native to Iran belonging to the Asteraceae family. Which has been used to treat migraine, rheumatism and anti-inflammatory diseases. In this study, phytochemical charchterisic of different populations of T. pinnatum in natural habitats was evaluated by multivariate methods. First, the aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from Tehran, Alborz, Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces in mid-June to mid-August 2016. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation clevenger device and were analysed by using GC/MS. The results were showed that the effect of population on leaf and flower essential oil was significant (P<0.01) which seems to be due to geographical factors and type of climate. According to the results, 50 compounds were identified in the flower and leaf essential oils of the populations, of which 13 compounds had the highest frequency among the populations and the highest percentage in the leaf and flower essential oils. Based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, populations 1, 2, 9, 3 and 5 had the highest composition of flower essential oil, while populations 4, 8 and 10 had the weakest values for most essential oil compounds. Populations 6, 7, 11 and 12 also had moderate amounts of compounds in flower essential oil. However, for leaf essential oil, populations 1, 2, 6, 3, 5 and 10 had the highest essential oil composition, while population 4 had the weakest values for most essential oil compounds and only had a high amount of cubenol. Populations 9, 12, 7, 8 and 11 also had moderate amounts of compounds in leaf essential oil. Population grouping based on their phytochemical assessment did not match their geographical distribution. However, areas with higher E, Z-geranyl acetate،ß-eudesmol and cubenol levels in flowers and leaves had average annual rainfall and higher altitude, average sunshine, and lower annual temperatures (populations 4 and 1). While in areas where populations had higher levels of α-cadinene in flowers, they had the highest average relative humidity, the lowest rainfall and annual temperature. Population 1 had the highest amount of flower ß-eudesmol and was one of the populations that showed a positive correlation between the amount of flower and leaf essential oil and essential oil components. As a result, the best population in the natural habitat was population 1.
1.Alizadeh, M. A., Aslani. M., Miri. M., Sharaf jafari, A. and Seyedian, A., 2017. Evaluation of morphological traits and essential oil yield in a number of populations of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-bip. Horticultural Sciences of Iran. 48(2):339-345.
2.Asadi, A. M., Khoshnoudyazdi, A., 2011. Investigation of ecological characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. In the pastures of Bojnourd city. Watershed management research (research and construction). 90: 11-18.
3.Askari, F., Sefidkon, F. and Teimouri, M., 2013. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Pimpinella khorasanica L. engstrand oil in Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. Vol.16: 265-269.
4.Batouli, H., Engashte vahed, A., 2012. Inventing a new essential oil extraction device from cold steam generated through cavitation and comparing it with common methods on two species of native plants of the Compositae family and investigating the phytochemical and biological properties of these two plants. Master Thesis of Kashan University. British Pharmacopoeia. H.M. Stationery Office, London, 1993, vol. II, p. 1043.
5.Esmaeili, A., Amiri, H. and Rezazadeh, S., 2009. The essential oils of Tanacetum pinnatum Boiss. A composite herbs growing wild in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 3(31): 44-49.
6.Esmaeili, A., Amiri, H., 2011. The in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Tanacetum pinnatum boiss. grown in Iran. Bulgarian Chemical Communications. 43(4):532-537.
7.Goren, N., Demirci, B., Baser, K.H.C., 2001. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum spp. From Turkey. Flav. Fragr. J. 16: 191-194.
8.Guo, Y. P., Saukel, J. and Ehrendorfer, F., 2008. AFLP trees versus scatterplots: evolution and phylogeography of the polyploidy complex Achillea millefolium agg. (Asteraceae). Taxon. 57:153-169.
9.Hamisi, M., Sefidkon, F., Nasri, M., Lebaschi, M.H., 2012. Effects of different amounts of Nitrogen, Phosphor and bovine fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of Tanacetum parthenium L.. Medicinal and aromatic plants. 28(3):399-410.
10.Jaimand, K., Rezaee, M.B., 2005. Chemical constituents of essential oils from Tanacetum balsamita L.. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17: 565-566.
11.Javadi S.B. D. 2008. Three new records of Tanacetum for the flora of Iran. Rostaniha, 9(1): 23-32.
12.Javidnia,k, Miri, R. Soltani,M.Khosravi,A.R. 2008. Essential oils composition of Tanacetum bachtiaricum from iran .44(6).
13.Judzentiene, A. and Mockute, D., 2005. The inflorescence and leaf essential oils of Tanacetum vulgare L. var. vulgare growing wild in Lithuania. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 33(5): 487-498
14.Kandemir, A., Ozer., H, Kilic, H., Cakir, A., Demir., Y. 2008. Essential oil composition of Tanacetum alyssifolium, an endemic species from Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol 44, p530–531.
15.Lohani, H., Chauhan. N., Andola, H., 2012. Chemical composition of the essential oil of two Tanacetum species Alpine region in Indian Himalaya. Springer. 35:95-97
16.Mozafarian, V., 2012. Recognition of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Farhang moaser Publications. p. 281-284.
17.Omidbeygi, R., 2014. Production and processing of medicinal plants .Astan Quds Razavi Publications. vol. II, p. 1043.
18.Polatoglu, K., Demirci, B., Goren, N., Baser, K. H. C., 2011. Essential oil composition of Tanacetum kotschyi from Turkey, Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol. 47 (2), p297.
19.Polatoglu, K., Karakoc, O., Yucelyucel,Y., Demirci, B., Goren, N., Can baser, K., 2015. Composition, insecticidal activity and other biological activities of Tanacetum abrotanifolium Druc.essemtial oil, Induserial crops and products.Vol.71, p7-14.
20.Rezaee, M, B., Jaimand, K., and Naderi, M., 2012. Composition of the essential oil of three Tanacetum species from north-west of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products. 2: 79-82.
21.Taheri, A., Shirzadian, R., Sharifi, Gh., Sabouri, A. Abbaszadeh, Kh., 2016. Genetic and phytochemical diversity of Achillea wilhelmsii in Iran. New Genetics. 11(3):367-376.
22.Taheri Boukani, K., Najafzadeh, R., Shokri, B. and Rashidi, Z. 2018. Identification of the essential oils of Tanacetum pinnatum Boiss. growing in Kordestan province of Iran. Twentieth National Congress and Eighth International Congress of Biology of Iran, Maragheh.
23.Vildova, A., Stolcova, M., Kloucek, P. &Orsak, M. 2006. Quality characterization of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in organic and traditional agricultures.In: Proceedings of thinternational symposium on chamomile research, development and production, Slovak Republic, June 7-1.
24.Zargari, A., 1996. Medicinal plants. University of Tehran Publications. vol. III, p. 930.
_||_1.Alizadeh, M. A., Aslani. M., Miri. M., Sharaf jafari, A. and Seyedian, A., 2017. Evaluation of morphological traits and essential oil yield in a number of populations of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-bip. Horticultural Sciences of Iran. 48(2):339-345.
2.Asadi, A. M., Khoshnoudyazdi, A., 2011. Investigation of ecological characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. In the pastures of Bojnourd city. Watershed management research (research and construction). 90: 11-18.
3.Askari, F., Sefidkon, F. and Teimouri, M., 2013. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Pimpinella khorasanica L. engstrand oil in Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. Vol.16: 265-269.
4.Batouli, H., Engashte vahed, A., 2012. Inventing a new essential oil extraction device from cold steam generated through cavitation and comparing it with common methods on two species of native plants of the Compositae family and investigating the phytochemical and biological properties of these two plants. Master Thesis of Kashan University. British Pharmacopoeia. H.M. Stationery Office, London, 1993, vol. II, p. 1043.
5.Esmaeili, A., Amiri, H. and Rezazadeh, S., 2009. The essential oils of Tanacetum pinnatum Boiss. A composite herbs growing wild in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 3(31): 44-49.
6.Esmaeili, A., Amiri, H., 2011. The in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Tanacetum pinnatum boiss. grown in Iran. Bulgarian Chemical Communications. 43(4):532-537.
7.Goren, N., Demirci, B., Baser, K.H.C., 2001. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum spp. From Turkey. Flav. Fragr. J. 16: 191-194.
8.Guo, Y. P., Saukel, J. and Ehrendorfer, F., 2008. AFLP trees versus scatterplots: evolution and phylogeography of the polyploidy complex Achillea millefolium agg. (Asteraceae). Taxon. 57:153-169.
9.Hamisi, M., Sefidkon, F., Nasri, M., Lebaschi, M.H., 2012. Effects of different amounts of Nitrogen, Phosphor and bovine fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of Tanacetum parthenium L.. Medicinal and aromatic plants. 28(3):399-410.
10.Jaimand, K., Rezaee, M.B., 2005. Chemical constituents of essential oils from Tanacetum balsamita L.. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17: 565-566.
11.Javadi S.B. D. 2008. Three new records of Tanacetum for the flora of Iran. Rostaniha, 9(1): 23-32.
12.Javidnia,k, Miri, R. Soltani,M.Khosravi,A.R. 2008. Essential oils composition of Tanacetum bachtiaricum from iran .44(6).
13.Judzentiene, A. and Mockute, D., 2005. The inflorescence and leaf essential oils of Tanacetum vulgare L. var. vulgare growing wild in Lithuania. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 33(5): 487-498
14.Kandemir, A., Ozer., H, Kilic, H., Cakir, A., Demir., Y. 2008. Essential oil composition of Tanacetum alyssifolium, an endemic species from Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol 44, p530–531.
15.Lohani, H., Chauhan. N., Andola, H., 2012. Chemical composition of the essential oil of two Tanacetum species Alpine region in Indian Himalaya. Springer. 35:95-97
16.Mozafarian, V., 2012. Recognition of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Farhang moaser Publications. p. 281-284.
17.Omidbeygi, R., 2014. Production and processing of medicinal plants .Astan Quds Razavi Publications. vol. II, p. 1043.
18.Polatoglu, K., Demirci, B., Goren, N., Baser, K. H. C., 2011. Essential oil composition of Tanacetum kotschyi from Turkey, Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol. 47 (2), p297.
19.Polatoglu, K., Karakoc, O., Yucelyucel,Y., Demirci, B., Goren, N., Can baser, K., 2015. Composition, insecticidal activity and other biological activities of Tanacetum abrotanifolium Druc.essemtial oil, Induserial crops and products.Vol.71, p7-14.
20.Rezaee, M, B., Jaimand, K., and Naderi, M., 2012. Composition of the essential oil of three Tanacetum species from north-west of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products. 2: 79-82.
21.Taheri, A., Shirzadian, R., Sharifi, Gh., Sabouri, A. Abbaszadeh, Kh., 2016. Genetic and phytochemical diversity of Achillea wilhelmsii in Iran. New Genetics. 11(3):367-376.
22.Taheri Boukani, K., Najafzadeh, R., Shokri, B. and Rashidi, Z. 2018. Identification of the essential oils of Tanacetum pinnatum Boiss. growing in Kordestan province of Iran. Twentieth National Congress and Eighth International Congress of Biology of Iran, Maragheh.
23.Vildova, A., Stolcova, M., Kloucek, P. &Orsak, M. 2006. Quality characterization of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in organic and traditional agricultures.In: Proceedings of thinternational symposium on chamomile research, development and production, Slovak Republic, June 7-1.
24.Zargari, A., 1996. Medicinal plants. University of Tehran Publications. vol. III, p. 930.