بررسی اثر تراکم و کاه غنی شده بر پاسخ‌های فیتوشیمیایی اسانس گیاه Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. در شرایط دیم
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
احمد میرجلیلی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
محمد حسین لباسچی
2
(عضو هیات علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور)
محمد رضا اردکانی
3
(استاد گروه زراعت، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران)
حسین حیدری شریف آباد
4
(استاد گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
مهدی میرزا
5
(استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: درصد اسانس, تیمول, کارواکرول, عملکرد وزن خشک,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد و خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.) تحت تاثیر کاه گندم غنی شده و تراکم‌های مختلف بوته انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سالهای زراعی 1396 و 1397 در شرایط دیم و در ایستگاه تحقیقات مراتع همند دماوند اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی شامل دو تیمار، کاه گندم 10 تن در هکتار (فرآوری شده با سولفات آمونیوم) و شاهد و عامل فرعی شامل سه تیمار، تراکم 26666 و 40000 و 80000 بوته در هکتار بود. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل عملکرد وزن تر و خشک، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و شناسایی ترکیبات اسانس بود که از اندام هوایی گیاه و در مرحله گلدهی کامل انجام شد. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و از روشهای تجزیه و تحلیل GC وMS GC/ برای تعیین درصد و نوع ترکیبات اسانس استفاده گردید. بیشترین عملکرد اسانس با 7/3 کیلو‌گرم در هکتار در تیمار کاه غنی شده، تراکم زیاد و در سال دوم بدست آمد. بالاترین درصد ترکیبات مربوط به کارواکرول با 85/61 درصد در تیمار کاه غنی شده، تراکم زیاد و در سال دوم و تیمول با 51/12 درصد در تیمار کاه غنی شده، تراکم متوسط و در سال دوم بدست آمد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد، مرزه بختیاری می‌تواند با کاربرد تیمار کاه غنی شده و تراکم‌های زیاد و متوسط از سال دوم، ضمن افزایش مقاومت و عملکرد گیاه، موجب افزایش ترکیبات عمده اسانس مرزه بختیاری شامل کارواکرول، تیمول، گاماترپینن و لینالول گردد.
This study was conducted to evaluate the yield and phytochemical properties of Bakhtiari savory under the influence of enriched wheat straw and plant different densities. The experiment was conducted in the form of split plots based on randomized complete block design in 1396 and 1397 in dry farming condition and at Hamand Rangeland Research Station. The main factor included, 10 tons of wheat straw per hectare (enriched with ammonium sulfate) and the control and sub-factor included, density 26666 and 40,000 and 80,000 plants per hectare. The measured traits included fresh and dry weight yield, percentage and essential oil yield and identification of essential oil compounds, which was performed from the plant shoots at full flowering stage. The essential oil was extracted by water distillation. Also, GC and GC/MS analysis methods were used to determine the percentage and type of essential oil compounds. The highest yield of essential oil with 3.7 kg. ha-1 was obtained with enriched straw treatment and high plant density and in second year. The highest percentage of essential oil compounds, the carvacrol with 61.85% was obtained in treatment of enriched straw, high density and in second year. The highest percentage of thymol with 12.51% was obtained in treatment of enriched straw and medium density in second year. The results of this study showed that the Bakhtiari savory by using enriched straw and high and medium densities from second year could increase the major compounds percentage of essential oil, including carvacrol and thymol, γ-terpinene and linalool.
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