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  • بررسی تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی اسانس گیاه دارویی Dracocephalum moldavica L. تحت تنش‌های مختلف شوری و کاربرد هیومیک و آسکوربیک اسید

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کد مقاله : EJMP-1809-1401 (R6) بازدید : 196 صفحه: 34 - 48

20.1001.1.23223235.1398.7.4.3.2

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

بررسی تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی اسانس گیاه دارویی Dracocephalum moldavica L. تحت تنش‌های مختلف شوری و کاربرد هیومیک و آسکوربیک اسید

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

رسول نریمانی 1 , محمد مقدم 2 , عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی 3

1 - علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 - علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 - مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهرقدس، تهران

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/06/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/10/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/12/01

کلید واژه: اسید هیومیک, شوری, اسانس, ژرانیال, نرال, بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica L.),

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده شوری یکی از مهم ترین تنش های اکولوژیکی است که باعث کاهش قابلیت تولید محصول می شود. اسید هیومیک به‌عنوان یک اسید آلی و آسکوربات به‌عنوان یک آنتی اکسیدان قوی می توانند در جهت بهبود عملکرد گیاهان در شرایط تنش شوری مؤثر واقع شوند. در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر اسید آسکوربیک و اسید هیومیک بر میزان و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس گیاه (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) تحت تنش شوری، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1394-1395 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل شوری در چهار سطح (0، 50، 100 و 150 میلی مولار)، اسید هیومیک و اسید آسکوربیک در سه سطح (0، 100 و 200 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود.اسانس گیاه از سرشاخه های هوایی گل دار و به روش تقطیر با بخار آب از طریق دستگاه کلونجر استخراج و با استفاده از روش های کروماتوگرافی گازی و کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی اجزای تشکیل دهنده آن تفکیک و شناسایی گردید. میزان اسانس با افزایش تنش شوری به شدت کاهش یافت و کاربرد تعدیل کننده های تنش شوری (هیومیک و آسکوربیک اسید) سبب بهبود این صفت گردید. به طوری که در تنش 150 میلی مولار شوری به کمترین میزان خود (2/0 درصد) رسید و کاربرد اسید هیومیک 200 میلی گرم در لیتر سبب افزایش 61/51 درصدی اسانس نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. بیشترین اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس بادرشبو در تیمار شاهد (عدم کاربرد تعدیل کننده ها و شرایط بدون شوری) شامل ژرانیال (65/36 درصد)، نرال (94/31 درصد)، ژرانیول (56/15 درصد)، ژرانیل استات (66/11 درصد)، ترانس- 2،4- هپتادینال (25/1 درصد)، لینالول (09/1 درصد)، پولگون (95/0 درصد) و وربنول (4/0 درصد) می باشد که 5/99 درصد از اجزای اسانس را شامل می شوند. در تیمار 100 میلی گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک در سطوح مختلف تنش شوری تعداد زیادی ترکیب نسبت به تیمار شاهد و کاربرد تعدیل کننده های تنش شوری (کاربرد 100 و 200 میلی گرم در لیتر اسید آسکوربیک و 200 میلی گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک) مشاهده شد. ازجمله این ترکیب ها می توان به آلفا-پینن، بتا-پینن، کامفن، کامفور، آلفا-توژون، نرول و تیمول اشاره کرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

  Abstract Salinity is one of the most important ecological stresses which reduces productivity. Humic acid as an organic acid and ascorbate as a strong antioxidant can be effective in improving plant yield under salinity stress.In this study, to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid and humic acid on the amount and chemical constituents of essential oil (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under salinity stress, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at research greenhouse of faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Treatments included salinity at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), humic acid and ascorbic acid at three levels (0, 100 and 200 mg / l).The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected and were extracted by steam distillation method using Clevenger apparatus and its components were separated and identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The essential oil content decreased with increasing salinity stress and application of salt stress moderators (ascorbic acid and humic acid) improved this trait. So that at 150 mM salinityit reached to the lowest level (0.2%) and application of 200 mg / l humic acid increased 51.61% of essential oil compared to control. Most of the essential oil constituents in control treatment (no use of moderators and no salinity conditions) were geranial (36.65%), neral (31.94%), geraniol (15.56%), geranyl acetate (0.66), Trans- 4,2- heptadienal (1/25%), linalool (1.09%), pulegone (0.95%) and verbenol (0.4%) which included 99.5% of the essential oil components respectively by 36.65, 31.94, 15.56, 11.66, 1.25, 1.09, 0.95 and 0.4 percent. In different levels of salinity stress with 100 mg/l of humic acid treatment and application of salt stress moderators (100 and 200 mg/l ascorbic acid and 200 mg/l of humic acid) a large number of combinations was observed compared to control treatment. These includedalpha-pinene, beta-pinene, camphene, camphor, alpha-thujone, nerol and thymol.  

منابع و مأخذ:


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