تنوع اکومورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی جمعیتهای گیاه دارویی درمنه صخره¬ای (Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss.) در رویشگاه‌هاي مختلف مرکز و غرب ایران
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
میلاد جوانمرد
1
,
حسنعلی نقدی بادی
2
*
,
علی محمدی ترکاشوند
3
,
علی مهرآفرین
4
,
بابک بحرینی نژاد
5
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران
4 - مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
5 - بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: تنوع مورفوفیزیولوژیکی, درمنه صخرهای, پرولین, کلروفیل, عوامل آب و هوایی, خصوصیات برگ,
چکیده مقاله :
درمنه صخرهای (زاگرسی) با نام علمی Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss. از گیاهان دارویی و ارزشمند بومی ایران و متعلق به جنس درمنه است که مطالعات اندکی بر روی جمعیتهای آن انجام شده است. به همین منظور این مطالعه بر روی تنوع اکومورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی این گیاه انجام گرفت، به نحوی که 17 جمعیت این گونه از مناطق مرکز و غرب کشور ایران، شامل استان‌های اصفهان، چهارمحال و بختیاری، مرکزی، لرستان و کهگیلویه و بویراحمد جمع‌آوری شد. بر اساس تجزیه به مولفههای اصلی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، جداسازی بین جمعیت‌ها صورت گرفت. 01/76 درصد تغییرات واریانس مربوط به سه محور اول بود. جمعیتهای درمنه صخرهای بر اساس تجزیه خوشه‌ای در سه گروه اصلی2، 7 و 8 جمعیتی دسته بندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع گیاه با ارتفاع از سطح دریا دارای همبستگی منفی بود. همچنین طول و عرض برگ با متوسط دمای سالیانه و سرعت باد همبستگی منفی داشتند، ولی با میزان نیتروژن و مواد آلی خاک همبستگی مثبت داشتند. پرولین با متوسط دمای سالیانه همبستگی مثبت و با مواد آلی و نیتروژن خاک همبستگی منفی داشت. میزان اسانس با متوسط مجموع سالیانه ساعات آفتابی دارای رابطه مثبت و با رطوبت نقطه اشباع خاک رابطه منفی داشت. بطور کلی جمعیتهای درمنه صخرهای با تغییرات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی از قبیل تغییر در ارتفاع بوته، ابعاد برگ، پرولین و ... با شرایط محیطی مختلف سازگاری پیدا کرده بودند.
Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss, is a valuable medicinal plant native to Iran. Although it belongs to the genus Artemisia, there have been few studies on its populations. This study aimed to investigate the ecomorphological and physiological diversity of this species by collecting samples from 17 populations across central and western Iran, specifically in the provinces of Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Markazi, Lorestan, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the morpho-physiological traits, we evaluated the separation between the populations. The first three axes accounted for 76.01% of the variance. Cluster analysis revealed that the populations of A. haussknechtii could be categorized into three main groups: 2, 7, and 8. The findings indicated a negative correlation between plant height and elevation above sea level. Additionally, leaf length and width showed negative correlations with average annual temperature and wind speed, while positively correlating with nitrogen levels and soil organic matter. Proline content was positively correlated with average annual temperature and negatively correlated with soil organic matter and nitrogen. Furthermore, the essential oil content exhibited a positive relationship with the average annual total of sunny hours but a negative relationship with soil saturation point moisture. Overall, the populations of A. haussknechtii demonstrated adaptability to varying environmental conditions through morpho-physiological alterations such as changes in plant height and leaf dimensions, along with variations in proline levels.
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