نقش حفاظت از تنوع زیستی در تحقق توسعه پایدار
محورهای موضوعی : تحقیقات حقوقی بین المللی
پگاه نیک فر لیالستانی
1
(دانشجو دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
حسن سواری
2
(استادیار گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. نویسنده مسئول. رایانامه: savari@modares.ac.ir)
محمدحسین رمضانی قوام آبادی
3
(دانشیار گروه حقوق بشر و محیط‌زیست و حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. رایانامه: h-ramezani@sbu.ac.ir)
علی مشهدی
4
(دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران. رایانامه: Droitenviro@gmail.com)
کلید واژه: تنوع زیستی, توسعه پایدار, محیط‌زیست, آب‌های آزاد, قوانین بین‌المللی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: یکی از تهدیدها برای زمین، از دست دادن تنوع زیستی است. با عنایت به اینکه اقیانوس‌ها دارای بیشترین میزان تنوع زیستی هستند و با توجه به ماهیت فرامرزی‌شان، مدیریت منابع دریایی نیازمند مداخلات در سطوح (ملی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی) برای کاهش تهدیدات است. بر این اساس به مساله می پردازیم که حفاظت از تنوع زیستی چه نقشی در تحقق توسعه پایدار دارد؟روش: پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی انجام‌شده است.یافته‌ها و نتایج: جهان با چالش‌های بیشتری مواجه است که عواقب گسترده‌ای برای بشریت دارد. برخی از این چالش‌ها اقتصادی - اجتماعی هستند، مانند افزایش فقر و بحران سیاسی و هم‌چنین چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی، مانند آلودگی هوا، تغییرات آب و هوایی و از دست دادن تنوع زیستی. از سویی، حقوق محیط‌زیست ابزار مهمی برای نظارت و مدیریت توسعه پایدار است که در تعیین خط‌مشی‌های حفاظتی محیط‌زیست و استفاده معقولانه و پایدار از منابع طبیعی مؤثر است. بر این اساس توسعه پایدار اقیانوس‌ها و ضابطه‌مند نمودن از طریق اعمال حاکمیت قانون، یکی از پدیده‌های نوین در حقوق بین‌الملل دریاها به شمار می‌رود. بیانیه‌های استکهلم 1972، ریو 1992، ژوهانسبورگ 2002، دستیابی به توسعه پایدار را مستلزم حفاظت از محیط‌زیست عنوان نموده و خواستار جهت‌گیری حقوق بین‌الملل محیط‌زیست در راستای مفهوم توسعه پایدار گردیده است. به علاوه کنوانسیون های دیگری مانند حقوق دریاها، لندن، بازل، ناگویا و کارتاهنا نیز در صدد قاعده مند نمودن حفاظت از محیط زیست و تنوع زیستی هستند که توانسته اند در مقررات داخلی دولتها در این خصوص تحول ایجاد نمایند.
Field and Aims: One of the threats to the earth is the loss of biodiversity. Given that the oceans have the highest amount of biodiversity and due to their transboundary nature, the management of marine resources requires interventions at the (national, regional and global) levels. to reduce threats. Based on this, we will address the issue of what role does the protection of biodiversity play in the realization of sustainable development?Method: The present research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: The world is facing more challenges that have far-reaching consequences for humanity. Some of these challenges are socio-economic, such as increasing poverty and political crisis, as well as environmental challenges, such as air pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. On the other hand, environmental rights are an important tool for monitoring and managing sustainable development, which is effective in determining environmental protection policies and reasonable and sustainable use of natural resources. Based on this, the sustainable development of the oceans and regulation through the application of the rule of law is one of the new phenomena in the international law of the seas. The declarations of Stockholm 1972, Rio 1992, Johannesburg 2002 stated that the achievement of sustainable development requires the protection of the environment and called for the orientation of international environmental law in line with the concept of sustainable development. In addition, other conventions such as the Law of the Sea, London, Basel, Nagoya and Cartagena are also trying to regulate the protection of the environment and biodiversity, which have been able to create changes in the internal regulations of governments in this regard.
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