ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان ((Triticum aestivum L
محورهای موضوعی :
مریم امری
1
(دانشجوی رشته اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز.)
حمداله کاظمی اربط
2
(استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز.)
مظفر روستایی
3
(استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، مراغه.)
کلید واژه: عملکرد, تجزیه علیت, همبستگی, گندم, اجزای عملکرد,
چکیده مقاله :
به‎منظور بررسی روابط برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نه ژنوتیپ اصلاحی گندم پاییزه و دو رقم شاهد زرین و الوند، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 88-1387 در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز اجرا شد. در طول فصل زراعی ارتفاع بوته، طول پدانکل، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزاردانه، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، وزن کاه و کلش اندازه گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس بیانگر وجود تفاوت معنی دار بین ژنوتیپ‎ها برای صفات مورد اندازه گیری بود که نشان‎دهنده وجود تنوع ژنتیکی بین ژنوتیپ ها از نظر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه می‌باشد. لاین شماره 2 (Shi# 4414/Crow"s"//Kvz) با متوسط عملکرد 5722 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین میزان تولید را دارا بود. عملکرد دانه با طول ساقه (**60/0=r) و وزن کاه و کلش (**85/0=r) همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری داشت. براساس نتایج تجزیه علیت، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن کاه وکلش، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت به عنوان موثرترین صفات بر روی عملکرد دانه بوده و 95 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه را توجیه کردند. بنابراین، صفات مذکور می‎توانند در برنامه های بهنژادی و گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های برتر گندم های زمستانه مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.
In order to evaluation of the relationships between some physiological and morphological traits with yield and its components in winter wheat, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Center of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2008. Traits like plant height, peduncle length, number of the grains per spikes, grain weight, harvest index, grain yield, biological yield, straw weight were measured. Analysis of variance revealed that all characters were significantly different for all genotypes. This indicated significant genetic variations among the genotypes based on the measured traits. According to the results, there was a positive significant correlation between plant height with straw grain yield. Line No.2 (Shi#4414/Crow”s”//Kvz) produced the highest grain yield. Results of path analysis also revealed that straw weight had the highest positive effect (0.95) on the grain yield. Thus, it could be concluded that traits evaluated in this study could be used in breeding programs to select the promising and high yielding wheat genotypes.
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