Severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods were developed for producing of metals and alloys with ultrafine grained (UFG) microstructures having high strength. Parallel tabular channel angular pressing (PTCAP) as a noble severe plastic deformation (SPD) method was used to More
Severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods were developed for producing of metals and alloys with ultrafine grained (UFG) microstructures having high strength. Parallel tabular channel angular pressing (PTCAP) as a noble severe plastic deformation (SPD) method was used to produce ultrafine grained (UFG) and nanostructured Cu-30%Zn tubes. In this paper, the effect of PTCAP process temperature on the deformation microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated using experimental tests. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate microstructural evolutions and fractured surface analysis. Microhardness and tensile tests were employed to mechanically characterize the PTCAP processed samples. The results showed the strength and the hardness decrease with increasing process temperature up to 100℃, but at 200℃, strength and hardness increase in comparison to that in 100℃. The rise in the strength and hardness of the sample processed at 200℃ compared to that at 100℃ is because of the partial recrystallization, forming new fine grains with high angle boundaries and twin boundaries. Twinning is dominant deformation mechanism of brass material in order to low stacking fault energy (SFE). Observations revealed that the failure mode in PTCAPed brass was a ductile rupture with the existence of deep dimples. It also indicates that the temperature has no obvious effect on the fracture mood.
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A combined metal forming process consisted of backward extrusion (BE) and constrained ironing (CI) is used to produce thin walled ultrafine grained (UFG) magnesium cups. In this new method, the initial thick-walled cup is formed from the bulk material using the BE proce More
A combined metal forming process consisted of backward extrusion (BE) and constrained ironing (CI) is used to produce thin walled ultrafine grained (UFG) magnesium cups. In this new method, the initial thick-walled cup is formed from the bulk material using the BE process and then the CI process is used to produce a UFG thin-walled cups. The advantage of the CI process is applying compressive stresses that are suitable to form hard to deform materials like magnesium alloys without fracture while achieving higher thickness reduction ratio (TRR). The results showed that after this new combined method, the tensile strength raised to 233 MPa, from the initial values of 123 MPa. Simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility attributes to very high hydrostatic compressive stresses and also breakage of Mg17Al12 precipitates in to smaller parts that facilitate the movement of dislocation. Also, the hardness increased to about 233 MPa from the initial values of 58 HV. Significant grain refinement was also taken place and the grain size in the BE+CI sample reduced to ~1 μm from the initial value of ~150 μm due to imposing high value of strain. This combined method is very promising for processing of UFG thin-walled cup-shaped samples from hard to deform materials. SEM images illustrated the brittle fracture at unprocessed and BE samples with existence of wide crack and shallow-elongated dimples but BE+CI sample revealed brittle fracture with fewer cracks due to hydrostatic pressure.
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Single Step High Pressure Torsion (SIHPT) is a newly developed HPT based method for processing of materials which is capable of producing nanostructured long samples with characteristics comparable to conventional HPT process. While, conventional HPT can be applied only More
Single Step High Pressure Torsion (SIHPT) is a newly developed HPT based method for processing of materials which is capable of producing nanostructured long samples with characteristics comparable to conventional HPT process. While, conventional HPT can be applied only on thin samples; it is possible to produce nanostructured parts with about 10 cm long using SIHPT method. However, SIHPT needs some technical improvements in order to be used for production in industrial scale. One of key component of SIHPT is the steppers which help different sections of the sample to be twisted. This study investigates main parameters of Steppers including the corner radius, thickness and rotation speed. The experimental results revealed that for the lowest length of sample’s contact inside the Steppers (lower contact length) of 5mm; there is considerable slippage in pressures below 1GP. However, the amount of slippage decreases gradually by increasing the magnitude of the applied pressure and the amount of the lower contact length. Moreover, it found that the rotational speed influences the amount of slippage in low pressures (lower than 1 GPa) but not in high pressures. In addition, according to Finite Element (FE) analysis it was found that 1 mm corner radius of steppers is the optimal value for the SIHPT process.
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