تاثیر نانو کلات پتاسیم بر شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی جو در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مراحل تکاملی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیمحمد سیاحی 1 , مانی مجدم 2 , علیرضا شکوه فر 3
1 - دانشجوی فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش قطع آبیاری, محلول‌پاشی, هدایت روزنه‌ای, عملکرد دانه,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تاثیر نانو کلات پتاسیم بر شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی جو در شرایط قطع آبیاری، تحقیقی به صورت کرت‌های یک بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمار اصلی شامل: آبیاری کامل (شاهد)، عدم آبیاری در ابتدای ساقه رفتن و عدم آبیاری در مرحله گرده افشانی و تیمار فرعی شامل: عدم محلول‌پاشی (شاهد)، 35 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر و 65 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانو کلات پتاسیم بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر قطع آبیاری و نانو کلات پتاسیم از نظر تعداد سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، هدایت روزنه‌ای، دمای سایه انداز گیاهی و محتوای نسبی آب برگ از نظر آماری در سطح احتمال 1% معنی‌دار بود. در اثر متقابل قطع آبیاری و نانو کلات پتاسیم، تعداد سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، دمای سایه انداز گیاهی و محتوای نسبی آب برگ در سطح احتمال 1% و هدایت روزنه‌ای در سطح احتمال 5% معنی‌دار شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در آبیاری کامل (5308 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کاربرد 65 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانو کلات پتاسیم (4854/9 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود و کمترین آن در عدم آبیاری در مرحله گرده‌افشانی (3169/4 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عدم محلول‌پاشی (3588 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مشاهده شد. حداکثر محتوای نسبی آب برگ در آبیاری کامل و محلول‌پاشی 65 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانو کود پتاسیم (73/13 درصد) و حداقل آن در عدم آبیاری در مرحله گرده افشانی و عدم محلول‌پاشی نانو کود پتاسیم (35/99 درصد) بود. بیشترین هدایت روزنه‌ای در آبیاری کامل و محلول‌پاشی 65 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانو کود پتاسیم (185/87 میلی‌مول بر متر مربع بر ثانیه) و کمترین آن در عدم آبیاری در مرحله گرده افشانی و عدم محلول‌پاشی نانو کود پتاسیم (47/99 میلی‌مول بر متر مربع بر ثانیه) بود. در نتیجه، محلول‌پاشی 65 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانو کود پتاسیم در دوره‌های مختلف تنش قطع آبیاری باعث بهبود عملکرد دانه و حفظ آب برگ در مقایسه با شاهد (عدم محلول‌پاشی) شده است.
In order to effect of potassium nano chelate on physiological and yield characteristics of barley in irrigation cut-off conditions, this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Main treatment consisted: full irrigation, no irrigation at the beginning of stem elongation, and no irrigation at the pollination stage and sub treatment consisted: no foliar application (control), 35 mg.L-1 and 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano chelate. results showed that the effect of deficit irrigation cut-off and potassium nano-chelate on number of spikes, number of seeds per spike, weight of 1000 seeds, grain yield, stomatal conductance, canopy temperature and relative water content leaf were statistically significant at 1% level of probability. Interaction irrigation cut-off and potassium nano-chelate number of spikes, weight of 1000 seeds, in canopy temperature and relative water content leaf were significant at 1% probability and stomatal conductance at 5% probability level. The highest grain yield was in full irrigation (control) (5308 kg.ha-1) and 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano-chelate (4854.9 kg.ha-1) and the lowest was in irrigation at anthesis (3169.4 kg.ha-1) and no foliar application (control) (3588 kg.ha-1). the maximum relative water content of leaf was in complete irrigation (control) and foliar application of 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano-fertilizer (73.13%) and the minimum was in non-irrigation at anthesis and non-foliar application of potassium nano-fertilizer (35.99%). maximum stomatal coductance was in complete irrigation (control) and foliar application of 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano-fertilizer (185.87 mlmol.m-2s-1) and the minimum was in non-irrigation at anthesis and non-foliar application of potassium nano-fertilizer (47.99 mlmol.m-2s-1). as a result, foliar application of 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano-fertilizer at different irrigation cut-off periods cause improves grain yield and leaf water in comparison to control (no foliar application) and is recommended.
• Afiuni, D., I. Alahdadi, Gh.A. Akbari, and G. Najafian. 2015. Response of some agronomic traits of some wheat genotypes to cut of terminal irrigation with zinc foliar application. Journal of Crop Production. 8(1): 179-203. (In Persian).
• Akbari, G. A., Z. Javanmardi, and M. Khojasteh kia. 2009. Comparison of the effect of different forms of potassium fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat grain in low irrigation conditions. National Conference on Water Crisis in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad university Rey baranch. (In Persian).
• Alavi matin, S.M., A. Rahnama ghahfarokhi, and M. Meskarbashi. 2015. Impact of different levels of nano-potassium and conventional potassium fertilizers on the yield of susceptible and tolerant cultivars of bread wheat under soil salinity. 13th Iranian Soil Science Congress. (In Persian).
• Aminifar J., M.H. Biglouei, G. Mohsenabad, and H. Samiezadeh. 2012. Effect of deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative yield of seven soybean cultivars in rashtregion. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 5 (2): 93-109. (In Persian).
• Balota, M., W.A. Payne, S.R. Evett, and M.D. Lazar. 2007. Canopy temperature depression sampling to assess grain yield and genotypic differentiation in winter wheat. Crop Science. 47: 1518–1529.
• Barati, A., S.A. Tabatabaee, M. Mahlooji, and M.H. Saberi. 2019. Evaluation of grain yield and it’s stability in barley promising lines in saline areas. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 29(1): 1-13. (In Persian).
• Chinnamuthu, C.R., and P. Murugesa Boopathi. 2009. Nanotechnology and agroecosystem. Madras Agricultural Journal. 96 (1-6): 17-31.
• Degl’Innocenti, E., C. Hafsi, L. Guidi, and F. Navari-Izzo. 2009. The effect of salinity on photosynthetic activity in potassium-deficient barley species. Journal of Plant Physiology. 166: 1968-1981.
• Dehghani Tafti, A.R., H. Shamsi, A. Morovati, M.J. Babaei Zarch, and M.H. Dehghani Tafti. 2017. Investigation of the application of different levels of potassium sulfate on yield and yield components of barley without cover under under the influence of different irrigation periods. Environmental Stresses in Agricultural Sciences, 10(2): 213-223. (In Persian).
• Erfani, R., Y. Yaghoubian, and H. Pirdashti. 2020. The contribution of chemical, organic and bio-fertilizers on rice production in Iran: A meta-analysis. Russian Agricultural Sciences. 46(6): 596-601.
• Frensch, J. 1997. Primary responses of root and leaf elongation to water deficits in the atmosphere and soil solution. Journal of Experimental Botany. 48: 985-999.
• Hafez, E.M., and M.F. Seleiman. 2017. Response of barley quality traits, yield and antioxidant enzymes to water-stress and chemical inducers. International Journal of Plant Production. 11(4): 477-490.
• Hasanzade, E., M. Ghajar Sepanlou, and M. Bahmanyar. 2013. The effect of potassium and manure application on concentration of macro elements on wheat under different water stresses. Agricultural Engineering (Scientific Journal of Agriculture). 36(1): 77-85. (In Persian).
• Hu, Y.Y., Y.L. Zhang, X.P. Yi, D.X. Zhan, H.H. Luo, C.W. Soon, and W.F. Zhang. 2014. The relative contribution of non-foliar organs of cotton to yield and related physiological characteristics under water deficit. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. (13): 975-989.
• Ingram, J., and D. Bartels. 1996. The molecular basis of dehydration tolerance in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 47: 377-403.
• Jafarzadeh, R., M. Jami moeini, and M. Hokabadi. 2013. Effect of soil application and foliar application of potassium nanofertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat. The Second National Conference on New Issues in Agriculture, Saveh, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, pp 7. (In Persian).
• Kafi, M., A. Borzoee, M. Salehi, A. Kamandi, A. Masoumi, and J. Nabati. 2009. Physiology of environmental stresses in plants. Jahade Daneshgahi Mashhad Press. Mashhad. (In Persian)
• Kamaei, H., H.R. Eisvand, M. Daneshvar, and F. Nazarian-Firouzabadi. 2017. The study effect of potassium, zinc and boron foliar application on canopy temperature, physiological traits and yield of two bread wheat cultivars under optimum and late planting dates. Journal of Crop Production. 10(4): 187-203. (In Persian).
• Karimi, R. 2017. Potassium-induced freezing tolerance is associated with endogenous abscisic acid, polyamines and soluble sugars changes in grapevine. Scientia Horticultura. 215: 184-194.
• Kazemi, M. 2015. Investigation of the effects of Irrigation cut off and application of humic acid and nitroxin on barley of Bahman cultivar. Master Thesis in Agriculture, Payame Noor University. (In Persian).
• Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd Ed. Academic Press. London. Pp: 889.
• Marschner, P. 2012. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3rd edition, Academic Press, London.
• Mazaheri Nia, S., A.R. Astaraei, A. Fatout, and A. Mounshi. 2010. Investigation of the effect of iron oxide consumption (nano and ordinary) along with sulfur granular compost on iron concentration and wheat plant growth of Attila cultivar. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 8(5): 855-861. (In Persian).
• Mengel, K. 2007. Potassium. In: Handbook of plant nutrition (Barker, A. V. and Pilbeam, D. J.) 91-120. CRC Press, New York.
• Molnar, I., L. Gaspar, E. Sarvari, S. Dulai, B. Haffman, L.M. Molnar, and G. Galiba. 2005. Physiological and morphological response to water stress in Aegilops biuncialis a Triticum aestivum genotype with differing tolerance to drought. Functional Plant Biology. 31: 1149-1159.
• Nowrouzi, M., and M. Qajar Sepanlo. 2014. Effect of potassium on yield components of two barley cultivars under saline irrigation conditions. Water Research in Agriculture. 28(2): 295-306.
• Parzivand, A., F. Ghoshchi, M.R. Mamizi, and H.R. Tohidimoghadm. 2011. The effect of foliar application of zinc and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and some quality indicators of wheat grain in drought stress conditions. Crop Research (Environmental Stresses in Plant Sciences). 3(1): 55-69. (In Persian).
• Ramirez-Vallejo, P., and J.D. Kelly. 1998. Traits related to drought resistance in common bean. Euphytica. 99: 127–136.
• Rostami Ajirloo, A.A., and E. Amiri. 2018. Soybean response to different levels of nano-potassium under cutting irrigation conditions in Mugan plain. Crops Improvement. 20(2): 503-516. (In Persian).
• Sangakkara, U.R., M. Frehner, and J. Nösberger. 2000. Effect of soil moisture and potassium fertilizer on shoot water potential, photosynthesis and partitioning of carbon in mungbean and cowpea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 185: 201-207.
• Senobar, A., A. Tabatabaei, and F. Dehgani. 2010. Effect of irrigation on grain yield, yield components and harvest index of wheat genotype in Yazd. Journal Environmental Stresses in Agronomy. 3: 22-35. (In Persian).
• Soleymani, A. 2016. The effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of wheat by using ET-HS model. Environmental stresses in Crops sciences. 9(3): 205-215. (In Persian).
• Tajali, H., S.G. Mosavi, R. Baradaran, M.H. Saberi, and A. Arzmajo. 2013. Evaluation of 20 barley genotypes under the terminal drought condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7(1): 91-104. (In Persian).
• Toutfi, F., and Sh. Shokuhfar. 2019. Effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and physiological parameters of wheat in deficit irrigation conditions. Journal of Plant Production Science. 9(2): 121-132. (In Persian).
• Vafaei, A., A. Ebadi, and Gh. Pourmon. 2015. Effect of potassium and magnesium fertilizer application on grain yield and the amount of safflower oil. Journal of Production and Processing of Agricultural and Horticultural Products. 5(17): 111-121.
• Wen-zhong, Z., H. Ya-dong, and D. Hong-juan. 2007. Relationship between canopy temperature at flowering stage and soil water content, yield components in rice. Rice Science.14 (1): 67-70.
• Zarifinia, N., A. Ayenehband, Sh. Lack, and A. Modhej. 2013. Evaluation of the effect of water deficit and potassium consumption on the stomatal leads of mung bean genotypes in northern Khuzestan. Fifth International Conference on Iranian Beans, 597-600. (In Persian).
• Zheng, Y., J. Aijun, N. Tangyuan, J. Xud, L. Zengjia, and J. Gaoming. 2008. Potassium nitrate application alleviates sodium chloride stress in winter wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology. 165: 1455-1465.