barley grain

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

1 - Design and construction of boundary annex to fill boundary furrows in secondary tillage operations in barley cultivation in Khuzestan province
هادی سعدی محمد منصوری محمد آل کثیر فرحانی

When irrigating the field, the water moves along the strips and transfers most of the water to the ends of the strips, preventing uniform irrigation. In the present study, in order to solve the mentioned problem, a system was designed, constructed and evaluated for the چکیده کامل

When irrigating the field, the water moves along the strips and transfers most of the water to the ends of the strips, preventing uniform irrigation. In the present study, in order to solve the mentioned problem, a system was designed, constructed and evaluated for the performance of the system, which by filling the created furrows, solved the problem of non-uniform irrigation and improved the irrigation performance. The plate adjoining system has two concave plates with a diameter of 35 cm, which float following the main plates of the boundary and along the created ridge, and by transferring a part of the soil of the ridge body, it fills the furrows. To be Field performance evaluation experiments were performed in 1397 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar Branch. A completely randomized factorial design design was used using SPSS software. Experimental treatments include: device type (boundary with furrow filling mechanism and boundary without furrow filling), plot distance (5 and 10 meters), on water loss rate (in cubic meters), labor cost to fill furrow Marzband, the time of border demarcation operations by Marzband The results show that by using the device for filling the furrows of the border and at a distance of 10 meters, the least amount of water wasted in the amount of 3985 cubic meters, the lowest labor cost to fill the furrow. Border guards are 100 thousand Tomans and the minimum time for border demarcation operations in agricultural fields is 120 minutes per hectare. پرونده مقاله

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2 - Effect of Different Levels of Milk Thistle (<i>Silybum Marianum</i>) in Diets Containing Cereal Grains with Different Ruminal Degradation Rate on Rumen Bacteria of Khuzestan Buffalo
ض. نیکزاد م. چاجی ک. میرزاده ت. محمدآبادی م. ساری

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diets containing different levels of milk thistle (0, 100 and 200 g/kg dry matter) and grains (barley and corn) with different rumen degradation rates on rumen bacteria and whole rumen microorganisms (WRM) of چکیده کامل

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diets containing different levels of milk thistle (0, 100 and 200 g/kg dry matter) and grains (barley and corn) with different rumen degradation rates on rumen bacteria and whole rumen microorganisms (WRM) of Khuzestan buffalo. The gas production (GP) technique, two steps digestion and specific bacteria culture medium methods were used for this purpose. The rumen fluid was taken from two fistulated buffaloes. The results of GP potential of experimental diets by WRM were not significantly different, however in both basal diets GP increased by increasing the level of milk thistle (P>0.05). The highest amount of GP in diet based on barley and corn was for diets containing 200 and 100 g milk thistle, respectively. Rate of GP by WRM was significantly different (P<0.05), so that in both basal diets at the level of 100 g milk thistle had the highest GP rates. Potential and rate of GP of diets by buffalo rumen bacteria was not significantly different (P>0.05). In two-steps digestion method using of different levels of milk thistle in diets (based on barley and corn) had no negative effect on the digestibility of nutrients by WRM (P>0.05). In barley-based diet adding milk thistle was numerically increased dry matter andneutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility compared with the control (P>0.05), while in the corn-based diet dry matter and NDF digestibility were reduced (P>0.05). The digestibility of dry matter by bacteria in corn-based diet was significantly reduced compared with the control (P<0.05). Nutrient digestibility of experimental diets by bacteria in the specific bacteria culture did not be affected by milk thistle in diets (P>0.05). Therefore, results provided here suggest that milk thistle could be used up to 20% of buffalo's diet without any negative effect on digestion and fermentation characteristics by WRM and bacteria. پرونده مقاله

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3 - Degradation Characteristics of Infrared Processed Barley Grain and Its Feeding Effects on Ruminal pH of Sheep
A. Fattah A.A. Sadeghi A. Nikkhah M. Chamani P. Shawrang

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of infrared processing of barley for 60, 90, 120 and 150 seconds (s) on protein hydrophobicity, in vitro protein digestibility, degradation characteristics of protein and starch and its feeding effect on ruminal pH of چکیده کامل

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of infrared processing of barley for 60, 90, 120 and 150 seconds (s) on protein hydrophobicity, in vitro protein digestibility, degradation characteristics of protein and starch and its feeding effect on ruminal pH of sheep. The surface hydrophobicity of protein increased (P<0.04) as processing time increased. The degradation rate and effective rumen degradability of protein and starch decreased up to 90 s and remains constant at higher processing times (P<0.05). In vitro protein digestibility of barley increased at processing time of 60 and 90 s, remain constant at 120 s, then decreased at 150 s (P<0.05). Electrophoretic analysis showed aggregation of barley proteins that remain undegradable for longer time in the rumen. Ruminal pH of sheep fed processed barley was higher (P<0.05) than those fed untreated sample. There were no significant differences in ruminal pH of sheep fed barley processed at times over 90 s. It was concluded that infrared processing for 90 s, as shortest time, could decrease rate and extent of protein and starch degradation of barley in the rumen. پرونده مقاله

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4 - Influence of Processing of Barley Grain on Characteristics of Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation and Digestible Energy of Diet inLactating Cows
ام.آ. لوپز-سوتو آ. بارراس جی.اف. کالدرون-کرتس آ. پلاسسنسیا جی.دی. یوری‌آس-استرادا جی.آ. آگویلار-هرناندز بی. سانچز-مندوزا آ. منتلونگو-تریکوئز آر.ام. برمودز-هورتادو آ. استرادا-آنگولو آر.آ. زین

A digestion trial using cannulated lactating cows was conducted to evaluate the influence of barley grain processing on characteristics of ruminal fermentation and the site and extent of digestion. The experiment consisted in 4 periods and lasted 84 days. The total mixe چکیده کامل

A digestion trial using cannulated lactating cows was conducted to evaluate the influence of barley grain processing on characteristics of ruminal fermentation and the site and extent of digestion. The experiment consisted in 4 periods and lasted 84 days. The total mixed rations contained 39.86% of grains and 42.90% of alfalfa hay and the rest of ration was composed mainly by cane molasses, fat, fishmeal and minerals. The barley grains were processed by dry-rolled and steam-flaking with two densities of flake (0.39 and 0.26 kg/L). Dry rolled corn was used as reference to determine energy value of barley grain. Compared to dry rolled barley, steam-flaked barley increased ruminal digestion of organic matter(OM) and starch, and energy of diet, but decreased dry matter intake. Decreasing steam-flaked density of barley from 0.30 to 0.26 kg/L increased ruminal digestion of starch and ruminal propionate and decreased dry matter intake and ruminal nitrogen digestion. Compared to corn, cows fed barley diets shown a greater dietary energy as result of greater total tract OM digestion, greater microbial protein efficiency and lower ruminal acetate and methane production. However, barley treatments had a lower ruminal pH and this was exacerbated as flake density decreased. The energy value of barley was improved (P<0.05) 8% by steam-flaking. However, flaking barley too thinly depress (P<0.05) feed intake. The optimal flake density for barley fed to lactating dairy cattle is around of 0.39 kg/L. پرونده مقاله

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5 - Effect of Graded Substitution of Barley Grain with Raisin Waste in Diet Contained Low Quality Forage on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Ram Lamb
M. Ahmadi M. Yari M. Hedayati

Raisin waste (RW) is produced during grapevine processing after harvest for raisin production. The aim of current study was to substitute the barley grain with RW in diet containing cereal straw as the only forage source in growing ram lambs feeding. Ground barley was s چکیده کامل

Raisin waste (RW) is produced during grapevine processing after harvest for raisin production. The aim of current study was to substitute the barley grain with RW in diet containing cereal straw as the only forage source in growing ram lambs feeding. Ground barley was substituted with RW at the rate of 9and 18% of diet (dry matter (DM) basis) in iso-nitrogesnous and iso-energetic diets. Twelve growing ram lames (first body weight of 26±2 kg) used in 3 × 3 replicated Latin square with three experimental periods. At each period of experiment, 6 pens of lambs (each 2 lambs placed in each pen) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (2 pens for each treatment). Raisin waste contained (% DM) 78.4 DM, 5.4 ash, 3.7 crude protein (CP), 10.6 ether extract, 18.5 acid detergent fiber (ADF), 1.4 total tannin, 2.2 total phenol and 0.8 non-tannin phenolic. Dietary substitution of ground barley with RW did not influence lamb final body weight (32.9, 32.2 and 32.1 kg respectively for three treatments), average daily gain, feed intake (1060.1, 960.2 and 920.3 g respectively) and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility including DM, organic matter, CP and ADF (P>0.05). Blood glucose, red blood cells and white blood cells count were similar among treatments (P>0.05). Blood urea decreased in lambs fed with diets contained RW (P<0.05). Blood total protein and triglycerides increased mostly at the level of 9% of substitution in lambs (P<0.05) compared with other level of substitution. In conclusion, in diets contained cereal straw as the only forage source, up to 18% of ground barley could be replaced by RW without detrimental effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood measures in growing ram lambs. پرونده مقاله

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6 - Effect of Feeding of Various Types of Soybean Meal and Differently Processed Barley Grain on Performance of High Producing Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows
ا. خطیبی شهری م. دانش مسگران د. زحمتکش

Twenty-four lactating Holstein dairy cows were used in a completely randomized design to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SM) and xylose protected soybean meal (XSM) in combination with ground (GB) or steam flaked (FB) barley on dry matter intake, milk production چکیده کامل

Twenty-four lactating Holstein dairy cows were used in a completely randomized design to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SM) and xylose protected soybean meal (XSM) in combination with ground (GB) or steam flaked (FB) barley on dry matter intake, milk production, rumen fermentation and blood responses. The experimental period lasted for 30 days. The diets consisted of the provision of 19.85% corn silage, 12.02% alfalfa hay, 0.72% wheat straw and 67.41% concentrate that averaged 17% crude proteins (DM basis) were offered two times daily. Dry matter intake (DMI) (P=0.051) and milk yield (P<0.0001) decreased by XSM in diets with GB or FB (P<0.05). The animals fed diets containing XSM had lower fat corrected milk (FCM 3.5%) and energy corrected milk (ECM) than diets containing SM (P<0.05). The milk fat and solids not fat percentage in XSM were significantly higher than SM (P<0.05) but milk protein percentage was lower (P<0.05). A comparison of GB versus FB and SM versus XSM diets indicated that the milk protein yield was higher for diets containing FB (P<0.05) and containing SM (P<0.001). Blood metabolites were significantly different between treatments (P<0.05). The diets containing XSM had lower levels of non-esterified fatty acids and higher levels blood urine nitrogen than those containing SM (P<0.05). The Acetate, propionate, valerate and butyrate concentrations differed significantly between the diets (P<0.05). In according to the results of our experiment, soybean meal in combination with ground barely may alter the performance of Holstein dairy cows. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

7 - اثر سطوح مختلف شوری آب مصرفی بر روند تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای دانه جو در گوسفندان بومی ایرانی
میرعلی پیشدادی مطلق رامین سلامت دوست نوبر ناصر ماهری سیس امیررضا صفایی ابوالفضل آقاجانزاده گلشنی

10.22034/ascij.2023.1961495.1398

این پژوهش، به منظور مطالعه اثر سطوح مختلف شوری آب مصرفی بر روند تجزیه پذیری شکمبه ای دانه جو با استفاده از روش کیسه های نایلونی در گوسفندان شال ایرانی انجام شد. تجزیه پذیری ماده خشک و پروتئین خام دانه جو با استفاده از هشت راس قوچ توده شال کانوله‌گذاری شده در شکمبه که سط چکیده کامل

این پژوهش، به منظور مطالعه اثر سطوح مختلف شوری آب مصرفی بر روند تجزیه پذیری شکمبه ای دانه جو با استفاده از روش کیسه های نایلونی در گوسفندان شال ایرانی انجام شد. تجزیه پذیری ماده خشک و پروتئین خام دانه جو با استفاده از هشت راس قوچ توده شال کانوله‌گذاری شده در شکمبه که سطوح مختلف شوری آب شامل گروه شاهد (480)، 4000، 8000 و 12000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر مجموع مواد جامد محلول در آب را دریافت می کردند، با روش کیسه‌های نایلونی تعیین شد. از نظر تجزیه پذیری ماده خشک و پروتئین خام در تمام زمان‌های انکوباسیون به غیر از زمان‌ اولیه، تفاوت معنی‌داری بین تیمارهای آزمایشی وجود داشت. در زمان نهایی انکوباسیون، مصرف آب شور سبب افزایش تجزیه پذیری ماده خشک و پروتئین خام دانه جو نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. بین تیمارهای آزمایشی از نظر تجزیه پذیری موثر (ED) ماده خشک و پروتئین خام نیز تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده شد، به طوریکه با افزایش سطح شوری، تجزیه پذیری موثر ماده خشک و پروتئین خام دانه جو در اغلب موارد افزایش یافت. بخش پروتئین سریع تجزیه‌شونده (QDP) تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت اما بخش پروتئین کند تجزیه‌شونده (SDP) در سطح تغذیه نگهداری (با سرعت عبور دو درصد در ساعت) به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت که بالاترین مقدار مربوط به تیمار حاوی 8000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر مجموع مواد جامد محلول در آب به دست آمد. از نظر پروتئین قابل متابولیسم نیز در سطح تغذیه نگهداری بین تیمارهای آزمایشی تفاوت معنی‌دار بوده و کمترین مقدار آن در تیمار حاوی 8000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر مجموع مواد جامد محلول در آب مشاهده شد. در یک نتیجه‌گیری کلی به نظر می‌رسد مصرف آب شور در حیوانات مورد آزمایش، تجزیه پذیری شکمبه‌ای دانه جو را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و موجب افزایش تجزیه پذیری موثر ماده خشک و پروتئین خام و کاهش مقدار پروتئین قابل متابولیسم آن در سطح تغذیه در حد نگهداری شده است. پرونده مقاله

فهرست مقالات barley grain

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