Effect of Different Levels of Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum) in Diets Containing Cereal Grains with Different Ruminal Degradation Rate on Rumen Bacteria of Khuzestan Buffalo
محورهای موضوعی : Camelض. نیکزاد 1 , م. چاجی 2 , ک. میرزاده 3 , ت. محمدآبادی 4 , م. ساری 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
کلید واژه: barley grain, corn grain, Bacteria, whole rumen microorganisms,
چکیده مقاله :
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diets containing different levels of milk thistle (0, 100 and 200 g/kg dry matter) and grains (barley and corn) with different rumen degradation rates on rumen bacteria and whole rumen microorganisms (WRM) of Khuzestan buffalo. The gas production (GP) technique, two steps digestion and specific bacteria culture medium methods were used for this purpose. The rumen fluid was taken from two fistulated buffaloes. The results of GP potential of experimental diets by WRM were not significantly different, however in both basal diets GP increased by increasing the level of milk thistle (P>0.05). The highest amount of GP in diet based on barley and corn was for diets containing 200 and 100 g milk thistle, respectively. Rate of GP by WRM was significantly different (P<0.05), so that in both basal diets at the level of 100 g milk thistle had the highest GP rates. Potential and rate of GP of diets by buffalo rumen bacteria was not significantly different (P>0.05). In two-steps digestion method using of different levels of milk thistle in diets (based on barley and corn) had no negative effect on the digestibility of nutrients by WRM (P>0.05). In barley-based diet adding milk thistle was numerically increased dry matter andneutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility compared with the control (P>0.05), while in the corn-based diet dry matter and NDF digestibility were reduced (P>0.05). The digestibility of dry matter by bacteria in corn-based diet was significantly reduced compared with the control (P<0.05). Nutrient digestibility of experimental diets by bacteria in the specific bacteria culture did not be affected by milk thistle in diets (P>0.05). Therefore, results provided here suggest that milk thistle could be used up to 20% of buffalo's diet without any negative effect on digestion and fermentation characteristics by WRM and bacteria.
هدف از این مطالعه بررسی جیره‌های حاوی سطوح مختلف خارمریم (0، 100 و 200 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و جیره‌های حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت (ذرت و جو) در شکمبه بر باکتری‌ها و کل میکروارگانیسم‌های شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان بود. از روش‌های تولید گاز، هضم دو مرحله‌ای و کشت اختصاصی باکتری برای این منظور استفاده شد. مایع شکمبه از دو رأس گاومیش فیستولا گذاری شده گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که پتانسیل تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت (05/0<P) و در هر دو جیره پایه با افزایش سطح خارمریم تولید گاز افزایش یافت ولی در جیره بر پایه جو، سطح 200 گرم و در جیره بر پایه ذرت، سطح 100 گرم بیشترین تولید گاز را نشان داد. نرخ تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0>P) به طوری که در هر دو جیره پایه سطح 100 گرم بیشترین نرخ تولید گاز را نشان داد. پتانسیل و نرخ تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط باکتری‌های شکمبه گاومیش تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد (05/0<P). در روش هضم دو مرحله‌ای استفاده از سطوح مختلف خارمریم در جیره (بر پایه‌ی جو و ذرت) تأثیر منفی بر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها نداشت (05/0<P). در جیره‌های بر پایه جو، افزایش مقدار خارمریم باعث افزایش عددی قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و NDF نسبت به جیره شاهد شد (05/0<P) درحالیکه در جیره بر پایه ذرت، باعث کاهش ناچیز هضم ماده خشک و NDF شد. در ارتباط با قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی توسط باکتری‌ها روند مشابهی مشاهده شد، با این تفاوت که هضم ماده خشک در جیره بر پایه ذرت نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی‌داری داشت (05/0>P). قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط باکتری‌ها در محیط کشت اختصاصی باکتری، تحت تأثیر سطوح خارمریم قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). بنابراین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که می‌توان از خارمریم تا 20 درصد جیره گاومیش بدون اثرات منفی بر هضم و تخمیر توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها و باکتری‌ها استفاده کرد.
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