Influence of Processing of Barley Grain on Characteristics of Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation and Digestible Energy of Diet inLactating Cows
محورهای موضوعی : Camelام.آ. لوپز-سوتو 1 , آ. بارراس 2 , جی.اف. کالدرون-کرتس 3 , آ. پلاسسنسیا 4 , جی.دی. یوری‌آس-استرادا 5 , جی.آ. آگویلار-هرناندز 6 , بی. سانچز-مندوزا 7 , آ. منتلونگو-تریکوئز 8 , آر.ام. برمودز-هورتادو 9 , آ. استرادا-آنگولو 10 , آر.آ. زین 11
1 - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
2 - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
3 - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
4 - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
5 - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
6 - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
7 - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
8 - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
9 - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
10 - Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico
11 - Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, USA
کلید واژه: metabolism, barley grain, corn grain, digestion, lactating cows, processing,
چکیده مقاله :
A digestion trial using cannulated lactating cows was conducted to evaluate the influence of barley grain processing on characteristics of ruminal fermentation and the site and extent of digestion. The experiment consisted in 4 periods and lasted 84 days. The total mixed rations contained 39.86% of grains and 42.90% of alfalfa hay and the rest of ration was composed mainly by cane molasses, fat, fishmeal and minerals. The barley grains were processed by dry-rolled and steam-flaking with two densities of flake (0.39 and 0.26 kg/L). Dry rolled corn was used as reference to determine energy value of barley grain. Compared to dry rolled barley, steam-flaked barley increased ruminal digestion of organic matter(OM) and starch, and energy of diet, but decreased dry matter intake. Decreasing steam-flaked density of barley from 0.30 to 0.26 kg/L increased ruminal digestion of starch and ruminal propionate and decreased dry matter intake and ruminal nitrogen digestion. Compared to corn, cows fed barley diets shown a greater dietary energy as result of greater total tract OM digestion, greater microbial protein efficiency and lower ruminal acetate and methane production. However, barley treatments had a lower ruminal pH and this was exacerbated as flake density decreased. The energy value of barley was improved (P<0.05) 8% by steam-flaking. However, flaking barley too thinly depress (P<0.05) feed intake. The optimal flake density for barley fed to lactating dairy cattle is around of 0.39 kg/L.
این آزمایش با استفاده از گاوهای شیری کانولاگذری شده برای ارزیابی تأثیر فرایند دانه جو روی تخمیر شکمبهای و محل و محدوده هضم انجام شد. آزمایش شامل 4 دوره بود و 84 روز به طول کشید. جیرههای کاملاً مخلوط شده 86/39 درصد از دانهها و 90/42 درصد از علوفه یونجه و باقی از ملاس نیشکر، چربی، پودر ماهی و مواد معدنی تشکیل می‌شد. دانه جو توسط روشهای غلتک زدن به صورت خشک و پولکی کردن با بخار با دو تراکم (39/0 و 26/0 کیلوگرم بر لیتر) فرایند شد. دانه ذرت غلتک زده شده به عنوان مرجع برای تعیین ارزش انرژیزایی دانه جو استفاذه شد. در مقایسه با دانه جو غلتک زده شده، دانه جو فلیک شده در بخار قابلیت هضم شکمبهای ماده آلی، نشاسته و انرژی جیره را افزایش ولی مصرف ماده خشک را کاهش داد. کاهش تراکم دانه جو غلتک زده شده از 36/0 به 26/0 کیلوگرم بر لیتر هضم شکمبهای نشاسته و پروپیونات شکمبهای را افزایش و مصرف ماده خشک و هضم شکمبهای ازت را کاهش داد. در مقایسه با دانه ذرت، گاوهای تغذیه شده با جیرههای بر پایه دانه جو انرژی جیرهای بالاتر (در نتیجه هضم بیشتر ماده آلی)، راندمان بیشتر پروتئین میکروبی و تولید استات و متان پایینتر نشان دادند. بههرحال، تیمارهای برپایه جو pHشکمبهای پایینتری داشتند و این وقتی تراکم فلیک کاهش پیدا می‌کرد، تشدید می‌شد. ارزش انرژیزایی دانه جو توسط فلیک کردن 8 درصد بهبود پیدا نمود (05/0P<). فلیک کردن دانههای جو به صورت خیلی نازک مصرف خوراک را کاهش داد. تراکم مطلوب فلیک برای دانه جو تغذیه شده به گاوهای شیری حدود 39/0 کبلوگرم برلیتر بود.
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