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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - Fabrication of graded helical square tower-like Mn sculptured thin films and investigation of their electrical properties: comparison with perturbation theory
Mahsa Fakharpour Hadi SavaloniAbstractMn sculptured thin films were fabricated in form of graded helical square tower-like terraced sculptured Mn thin films (GHSTTS) using oblique angle deposition together with rotation of substrate about its surface normal with fixed rotation angle (90°) and a shad چکیده کاملAbstractMn sculptured thin films were fabricated in form of graded helical square tower-like terraced sculptured Mn thin films (GHSTTS) using oblique angle deposition together with rotation of substrate about its surface normal with fixed rotation angle (90°) and a shadowing block which was fixed at the centre of the substrate holder. The anisotropy of the samples was examined by resistivity measurements at two orthogonal angles. Direct relationship is obtained between resistivity and the anisotropy of the produced samples which showed that both of these parameters increase with decreasing distance from the edge of the shadowing block. Simulation work using the perturbation theory produced results consistent with the experimental observations. پرونده مقاله -
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2 - Effect of ion trapping behavior of TiO2 nanoparticles on different parameters of weakly polar nematic liquid crystal
Geeta Yadav Rohit Katiyar Govind Pathak Rajiv ManoharAbstractIn the present investigation, TiO2-doped weakly polar nematic liquid crystal (NLC) has been studied. This study mainly focuses on dielectric, electro-optical and optical properties of pure NLC and doped systems. Variation in different parameters like dielectric چکیده کاملAbstractIn the present investigation, TiO2-doped weakly polar nematic liquid crystal (NLC) has been studied. This study mainly focuses on dielectric, electro-optical and optical properties of pure NLC and doped systems. Variation in different parameters like dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss, dielectric anisotropy and conductivity has been noticed. Permittivity of the doped system is almost the same as undoped system. With doping concentration, the ionic contribution to the dielectric loss as observed in low-frequency region has been suppressed and the shift in relaxation frequency toward higher frequency side has also been observed. The electrical conductivity and threshold voltage have been decreased with increasing concentration of nanoparticles (NPs). The continuous increase in dielectric anisotropy with increasing the concentration of NPs has also been observed. These results have been attributed to the trapping capability of free ions by TiO2 NPs. Further, we focused on the study of photoluminescence (PL), UV absorbance and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of pure and doped systems. The continuous increase in PL intensity without any shift in emission peak has been observed for doped systems. Enhancement in UV absorbance with increasing concentration of NPs has also been observed. The effect of NPs doping on molecular dynamics of NLC can be clearly seen by FTIR study. The results suggest that the TiO2 NP-doped weakly polar NLC can have significant improved dielectric, electro-optical and optical properties. This makes the weakly polar NLC to be a potential candidate for many applications. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
3 - Micromagnetic analysis of Heusler alloy-based perpendicular double barrier synthetic antiferromagnetic free layer MTJs
Bahniman Ghosh Kshitij DwivediAbstract We investigate spin transfer torque switching in a perpendicular double barrier synthetic antiferromagnetic free layer MTJ stack using micromagnetic simulations. For the material used in free layers, we use two different Cobalt-based Heusler alloys and compare چکیده کاملAbstract We investigate spin transfer torque switching in a perpendicular double barrier synthetic antiferromagnetic free layer MTJ stack using micromagnetic simulations. For the material used in free layers, we use two different Cobalt-based Heusler alloys and compare their performance on the basis of switching speed, thermal stability and Tunnel magnetoresistance. We show that for Heusler alloys switching from one state to other is significantly faster but they suffer from the drawback of low thermal stability. پرونده مقاله -
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4 - Silver nanoparticles dispersed in nematic liquid crystal: an impact on dielectric and electro-optical parameters
Rohit Katiyar Kaushlendra Agrahari Govind Pathak Tripti Vimal Geeta Yadav Kamal Kumar Pandey Abhishek Kumar Misra Atul Srivastava Rajiv ManoharAbstractIn the present study, nematic liquid crystal (NLC) 4′-(Octyloxy)-4-biphenylcarbonitrile dispersed with three different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is characterized by electro-optical and dielectric spectroscopy method. The dispersion of Ag NP چکیده کاملAbstractIn the present study, nematic liquid crystal (NLC) 4′-(Octyloxy)-4-biphenylcarbonitrile dispersed with three different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is characterized by electro-optical and dielectric spectroscopy method. The dispersion of Ag NPs into NLC material leads to the change in physical parameters such as dielectric permittivity, photoluminescence, threshold voltage, response time and splay elastic constant. The AC conductivity and threshold voltage of Ag NPs-dispersed composite system have increased significantly. The increase in the AC conductivity for the composite system is attributed to the Ag NPs-assisted induced charge transfer mechanism in the system. Moreover, the increase in AC conductivity value for Ag NPs/NLC composite system discloses its importance in photovoltaic solar cell. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
5 - Modelling Mechanical Properties of AISI 439-430Ti Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheet
N Brinis B Regaiguia O Chahaoui N Maatougui M.L FaresThe comprehension of the anisotropy impactson mechanical properties of the rolled steel sheets was investigated using a non-quadratic anisotropic yield function. In this study, experimental and modelling determination regardingthe behaviourof an industrial rolledsheet f چکیده کاملThe comprehension of the anisotropy impactson mechanical properties of the rolled steel sheets was investigated using a non-quadratic anisotropic yield function. In this study, experimental and modelling determination regardingthe behaviourof an industrial rolledsheet for a ferritic stainless low-carbon steel were carried out. The parameters of the associated yield equation, derived from the three orthotropic yield functions proposed by Hill48, Yld96 and Yld2000-2d, were determined. Predictions and the evolution of normalized yield stress and normalized Lankford parameters (plastic strain ratio) obtained by the presented investigative are considered. The forecasts given by the YLD2000-2d criterion are consistent with that of the experience. In order to describe the path of strain behavior, the isotropic hardening function is described using the following four empirical standard formulae based on: Hollomon, Ludwick, Swift and Voce law.More accurately,the anisotropy coefficients of three yield functions are represented as a function of the longitudinal equivalent plastic strain. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
6 - On Analysis of Stress Concentration in Curvilinear Anisotropic Deformable Continuum Bodies
Theddeus T Akano Omotayo A Fakinlede Patrick Shola OlayiwolaIn cylindrical continua, hoop stresses are induced due to the circumferential failure. This mainly happens when the cylinder is subjected to mechanical loads which vary in the circumferential directions. On the other hand, radial stress is stress in the direction of or چکیده کاملIn cylindrical continua, hoop stresses are induced due to the circumferential failure. This mainly happens when the cylinder is subjected to mechanical loads which vary in the circumferential directions. On the other hand, radial stress is stress in the direction of or opposite to the central axis of a cylindrical body. In the present study, the influence of curvilinear anisotropy on the radial and tangential stresses of the polar-orthotropic hollow cylinder is presented. The governing equations were derived to evaluate the radial and hoop stresses inside the material. A semi-analytical method through differential transform method (DTM) for the polar-orthotropic hollow cylinder is implemented in the solution. The findings, based on polar-orthotropy, of the effect of the radial and circumferential loads on the radial and hoop stresses of the growing cylinders, show elastic responses that assist in identifying some of the outstanding properties of the curvilinear anisotropic continuums. It is also revealed that the characteristic response of various wall thicknesses of the cylindrical segment is influenced by the fibre orientation, radial and tangential stresses. This work has shown that the curvilinear anisotropy momentously affects the radial and hoop stresses on the polar-orthotropic hollow cylinder. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
7 - Effect of Stress Triaxiality on Yielding of Anisotropic Materials under Plane Stress Condition
S.S Bhadauria M.S Hora K.K PathakThe triaxiality of the stress state is known to greatly influence the amount of plastic strain which a material may undergo before ductile failure occurs. It is defined as the ratio of hydrostatic pressure, or mean stress, to the von Mises equivalent stress. This paper چکیده کاملThe triaxiality of the stress state is known to greatly influence the amount of plastic strain which a material may undergo before ductile failure occurs. It is defined as the ratio of hydrostatic pressure, or mean stress, to the von Mises equivalent stress. This paper discusses the effects of stress triaxiality on yielding behavior of anisotropic materials. Hill-von Mises’s criteria for anisotropic material have been used with triaxiality factor (TF). Mathematical model that combines the yield stress and anisotropic ratio R (ratio of width strain to thickness strain) along with triaxiality have been formulated. This model is considered as an objective function subjected to inequality constraint. Constrained optimization is solved using genetic algorithm. The results obtained give the set of principal stresses along with corresponding critical triaxiality which is the maximum value at which the material can sustain without failure. If triaxiality extends further more the material will go to plastic deformation and may prone to failure. In this way, the critical triaxiality of materials can be determined to avoid fracture and failure of materials. This article is important from the industrial application point of view by considering triaxiality as a design parameter while designing the component. پرونده مقاله -
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8 - Crack Tip Constraint for Anisotropic Sheet Metal Plate Subjected to Mode-I Fracture
R Kacker S.S BhadauriaOn the ground of manufacturing, sheet metal parts play a key role as they cover about half of the production processes. Sheet metals are commonly obtained from rolling and forming processes which causes misalignment of micro structure resulting obvious anisotropic chara چکیده کاملOn the ground of manufacturing, sheet metal parts play a key role as they cover about half of the production processes. Sheet metals are commonly obtained from rolling and forming processes which causes misalignment of micro structure resulting obvious anisotropic characteristics and micro cracks. Presence of micro cracks poses serious attention, when stresses at the tip reach to the critical value. Present research deals with a thin anisotropic plate, containing an edge crack subjected to mode-I condition. To predict the nature of crack propagation, anisotropic triaxiality is formulated with special reference to Lankford’s coefficient and degree of anisotropy. The distribution of magnitude of anisotropic triaxiality is shown with respect to polar angle at crack tip supplemented by plastic zone shapes. Numerical evaluation has been carried out by considering five different cases of plane stress condition using Hill-von Mises yield criteria. Critical values so obtained apropos respective cases, as traced on the yield locus had been used to predict the location of crack propagation in sheet metal. It is revealed that the angle through which the crack propagate do not remain invariable for all combinations of Lankford’s coefficient and degree of anisotropy but it shifts for two of the five cases taken into consideration. پرونده مقاله -
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9 - Thermoelastic Fracture Parameters for Anisotropic Plates
S Kebdani A Sahli S SahliThis paper deals with the determination of the effect of varying material properties on the value of the stress intensity factors, KI and KII, for anisotropic plates containing cracks and subjected to a temperature change. Problems involving cracks and body forces, as w چکیده کاملThis paper deals with the determination of the effect of varying material properties on the value of the stress intensity factors, KI and KII, for anisotropic plates containing cracks and subjected to a temperature change. Problems involving cracks and body forces, as well as thermal loads are analysed. The quadratic isoperimetric element formulation is utilized, and SIFs may be directly obtained using the ‘traction formula’ and the ‘displacement formula’. Three cracked plate geometries are considered in this study, namely: (1) a plate with an edge-crack; (2) a plate with a double edge-crack; (3) a plate with symmetric cracks emanating from a central hole. Where appropriate, finite element method (FEM) analyses are also performed in order to validate the results of the BEM analysis. The results of this study show that, for all crack geometries, the mode-I stress intensity factor, K∗I decreases as the anisotropy of the material properties is increased. Additionally, for all these cases, K∗I decreases as the angle of orientation of the material properties, , increases with respect to the horizontal axis. The results also show that BEM is an accurate and efficient method for two-dimensional thermoelastic fracture mechanics analysis of cracked anisotropic bodies. پرونده مقاله -
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10 - Shear Waves Through Non Planar Interface Between Anisotropic Inhomogeneous and Visco-Elastic Half-Spaces
B Prasad P Chandra Pal S KunduA problem of reflection and transmission of a plane shear wave incident at a corrugated interface between transversely isotropic inhomogeneous and visco-elastic half-spaces is investigated. Applying appropriate boundary conditions and using Rayleigh’s method of ap چکیده کاملA problem of reflection and transmission of a plane shear wave incident at a corrugated interface between transversely isotropic inhomogeneous and visco-elastic half-spaces is investigated. Applying appropriate boundary conditions and using Rayleigh’s method of approximation expressions for reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained for the first and second order approximation of the corrugation. Further, closed form formulae of these coefficients are presented for a corrugated interface of periodic shape (cosine law interface). Numerical computations for this particular type of corrugated interface are performed and a number of graphs are plotted to illustrate the effect of different parameters of the both half-spaces on the reflection and transmission coefficients. It is found that these coefficients depend upon the amplitude of corrugation of the boundary, angle of incidence and frequency of the incident wave and are strongly influenced by the anisotropy, inhomogeneity and visco-elasticity of the half-spaces. Some special cases are also derived. پرونده مقاله -
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11 - A review of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis of Indian dykes: Implications for magma emplacement
Ayanangshu Das Jyotirmoy Mallik Krishanu Bandyopadhyay Rais AlamThe analysis of Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) is a powerful and rapid technique to examine the preferred orientations of mineral (magnetic) fabrics and can indicate the nature of a magma transport (vertical or lateral). The relationship between magnetic fa چکیده کاملThe analysis of Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) is a powerful and rapid technique to examine the preferred orientations of mineral (magnetic) fabrics and can indicate the nature of a magma transport (vertical or lateral). The relationship between magnetic fabric and geometry of a dyke swarm enables us to understand magma emplacement processes. Depending on the mutual relationship of magnetic fabric and individual dyke geometry, mode of magma transport is interpreted. The knowledge on the nature of magma transport combined with information on geometry, magmatic overpressure and geochemistry enable us to comment on dyke emplacement processes, the location of possible feeders, syn-emplacement and post-emplacement deformations and prevailing stress regime during emplacement. A number of dykes and dyke swarms have been emplaced into the Indian shield at different points in time. Their ages vary from the Mesoarchean to Tertiary. We present here a review of three case studies where AMS technique was applied to the samples collected from Indian dykes. Two case studies are on the Proterozoic dykes that intruded into the Dharwar craton and the third case study is on Mesozoic dykes that punctured the South Indian Granulite Terrain (SIGT). The dykes generally show “normal” anisotropy fabric to indicate vertical magma emplacement with few exceptions where lateral/inclined magma flow was suggested or the results were inconclusive. We present here a critical review on the interpretation of such “anomalous” fabrics and comment on further studies that can be carried out to extract more information from such results. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
12 - Mafic Dykes of Moyar Shear Zone, North Kerala, India: Emplacement History and Petrogenetic interpretation based on Structure, Geochemistry and Magnetic Fabric
P. Pratheesh V. Prasannakumar K.R. PraveenCretaceous mafic dykes in the Moyar Shear Zone (MSZ) area, north Kerala, India, provide signatures to probe into the nature of their source and thereby the evolution of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the South Indian Granulite Terrain (SIGT). Bulk of the dykes چکیده کاملCretaceous mafic dykes in the Moyar Shear Zone (MSZ) area, north Kerala, India, provide signatures to probe into the nature of their source and thereby the evolution of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the South Indian Granulite Terrain (SIGT). Bulk of the dykes in northern parts of Kerala is broadly in spatial association with the shear system. Mafic dykes striking NE-SW, NWSE, NNW-SSE and ENE-WSW are widespread in the MSZ and surrounding areas. Width of these dykes varies from 30cm to 5m in general, while dykes wider than 10m also occur. These mafic dykes are olivine/quartz normative tholeiites showing strong correlation to N-Type MORB and within plate basalt affinity. Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) data imply normal magnetic fabrics nearly parallel to dyke trends, but with highly variable plunge of magnetic lineation. The compositions of the least altered and least metamorphosed dykes help to define the properties of their mantle source region, as well as the nature of the crust through which the magma traveled. The present contribution on the mafic dyke swarms in Moyar Shear Zone (MSZ) provides new interpretations on the temporal relations of magmatism and tectono-metamorphic evolution of the south Indian high grade terrain. پرونده مقاله -
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13 - Thermal Stability and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of NiO/Fe Multilayered Thin Films Prepared by Oblique-Angle Sputtering Technique
khalil gheisari C.K. OngIn this work, the bilayer NiO/Fe thin films compared with single-layer Fe film were deposited on Si (100) substrate using the sputtering technique at deposition angles of 0° and 31.5°. Structure, the static magnetic properties, and the temperature dependence of چکیده کاملIn this work, the bilayer NiO/Fe thin films compared with single-layer Fe film were deposited on Si (100) substrate using the sputtering technique at deposition angles of 0° and 31.5°. Structure, the static magnetic properties, and the temperature dependence of the dynamic magnetic properties in the range from 300 K to 420 K have been investigated. The results show that the nanocrystalline BCC phase of Fe with the average crystallite size of 11-12 nm and (110) preferred orientation is formed during the deposition process. The resonance frequency is found to rise from 1.03 GHz to 1.13 GHz by employing the NiO sublayer for the typically deposited Fe film. Moreover, the resonance frequency increases for the NiO/Fe films from 1.13 GHz to 1.67 GHz as the deposition angle increases from 0° and 31.5° as a result of the increase in the magnetic anisotropy from 16 Oe to 45 Oe. The permeability values decrease for both as-deposited films with increasing temperature; however, the higher values of the permeability are observed for the film obtained at a deposition angle of 31.5°. پرونده مقاله -
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14 - Finite element simulation of pyroplastic deformation, anisotropic shrinkage and heterogeneous densification for ceramic materials during liquid phase sintering process
Hamed Yaghoubi Esmail Salahi Fateme TaatiPyroplastic deformation is a distortion of the ceramic shape during the sintering process. It occurs because the flow of the vitreous phase at high temperature and the applied stress due to the weight of the product during sintering process. The aim of this paper deals چکیده کاملPyroplastic deformation is a distortion of the ceramic shape during the sintering process. It occurs because the flow of the vitreous phase at high temperature and the applied stress due to the weight of the product during sintering process. The aim of this paper deals with describing a numerical-experimental method to evaluate the pyroplastic deformation, to predict the anisotropic shrinkage and heterogeneous densification for ceramic materials during the liquid phase sintering process, as a function of sintering time. For this purpose, three experimental configurations including midpoint deflection, sinter bending and free sintering test were designed; the finite element method are implemented by the CREEP user subroutine code in ABAQUS. The fair accordance between simulation results and experimental data reveals that the shear and bulk viscosity modulus as well as dynamic viscosity used in the simulation are near the real ones. The anisotropic shrinkage factor K_xy has been proposed to investigate the shrinkage anisotropy. It has been shown that the shrinkage along the normal axis of slip casting is about 1.5 times larger than that of casting direction. The inhomogeneity in Von-Misses, pressure, and principal stress intensifies the density non-uniformity in the samples. پرونده مقاله -
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15 - An Investigation Into the Effects of Friction and Anisotropy Coefficients and Work Hardening Exponent on Deep Drawing With FEM
R Hosseini A Ebrahimi mamaghani A AsaLarge strains, anisotropy of mechanical properties of materials and Coulomb friction in contact regions are some properties in the analysis of deep drawing process. In this research, the effects of different parameters such as anisotropy coefficient, work hardening expo چکیده کاملLarge strains, anisotropy of mechanical properties of materials and Coulomb friction in contact regions are some properties in the analysis of deep drawing process. In this research, the effects of different parameters such as anisotropy coefficient, work hardening exponent and friction coefficient on deep drawing process of drawing quality steel are studied. For this purpose, the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the process is used. A 2D finite element simulation (axis symmetric) in ABAQUS is done and the results are validated with valid appropriate reference. Then Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) for different friction coefficients, different anisotropy coefficients and different work hardening exponents are obtained. Finally, changes in FLD are discussed and it is observed that the friction coefficient is the most effective parameter on FLD and anisotropy coefficient and work hardening exponent are the least effective parameters on FLD. پرونده مقاله -
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16 - تأثیر نورد گرم و عملیات حرارتی بر خواص ناهمسانگردی آلیاژ منیزیم LZ71
مصطفی پهلوانی جواد مرزبان راد عباس بیاتیدر این مقاله مطالعهای بر روی خواص مکانیکی و متالورژیکی آلیاژ LZ71 که یک آلیاژ 2 فازی از منیزیم است پرداخته شد. بعد از تهیه آلیاژ به روش ریختهگری، با استفاده از نورد گرم قطعه حاصله تا ضخامت 2 میلیمتر کاهش ضخامت داده است. سپس به منظور دستیابی به یک ورق با خواص مکانیکی ه چکیده کاملدر این مقاله مطالعهای بر روی خواص مکانیکی و متالورژیکی آلیاژ LZ71 که یک آلیاژ 2 فازی از منیزیم است پرداخته شد. بعد از تهیه آلیاژ به روش ریختهگری، با استفاده از نورد گرم قطعه حاصله تا ضخامت 2 میلیمتر کاهش ضخامت داده است. سپس به منظور دستیابی به یک ورق با خواص مکانیکی همسانگرد، قطعه حاصل از نورد در دمای 350 درجه سانتیگراد تحت عملیات حرارتی قرار گرفت. ریزساختار نمونهها به کمک میکروسکوپ نوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت تا نوع تغییرات در دانه بندی مشاهده شود. در این تحقیق، برای اولین بار خواص ناهمسانگردی ورق تولید شده به روش نورد گرم از جنس آلیاژ LZ71 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور خواص مکانیکی هر سه نمونهی بعد از ریختهگری، بعد از نورد و بعد از عملیات حرارتی در سه راستای طولی و عرضی و 45 درجه به طور کامل بررسی شد و همچنین ضرایب ناهمسانگردی نمونههای بعد از نورد مورد محاسبه و بررسی قرار گرفت. مشخص شد که آلیاژ مذکور قبل و بعد از عملیات حرارتی مشخصات مناسب برای کاربردهای سازهای دارد اما ناهمسانگردی در نمونههای بدون عملیات حرارتی وجود داشت. در نهایت سطح شکست برای نمونههای بعد از نورد و بعد از عملیات حرارتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت تا به نوعی صحهگذاری بر نتایج ناهمسانگردی باشد. پرونده مقاله -
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17 - آنیزوتروپی خواص مکانیکی داربستهای پلیلاکتیک اسید تولید شده به روش لایه نشانی مذاب برای مهندسی بافت استخوان
محمد خدائی رضا امینیداربستهای متخلخل پلیمری زیست تخریب پذیر گزینههای مناسبی برای مهندسی بافت می باشند. در این تحقیق، داربست سهبعدی متخلخل پلی لاکتیک اسید (PLA) به روش لایه نشانی مذاب (FDM) با حدود 70 درصد تخلخل تهیه شد. مطالعه فازهای فیلامنت اولیه و داربست پرینت شده توسط آزمون پراش پرتو چکیده کاملداربستهای متخلخل پلیمری زیست تخریب پذیر گزینههای مناسبی برای مهندسی بافت می باشند. در این تحقیق، داربست سهبعدی متخلخل پلی لاکتیک اسید (PLA) به روش لایه نشانی مذاب (FDM) با حدود 70 درصد تخلخل تهیه شد. مطالعه فازهای فیلامنت اولیه و داربست پرینت شده توسط آزمون پراش پرتوی ایکس (XRD) نشان می دهد اختلاف فاز قابلتوجهی در اثر فرایند ساخت ایجاد نشده و پلیمر خواص فازی خود را حفظ نموده است. نتایج ارزیابی خواص مکانیکی توسط آزمون فشار نشان میدهد که خواص مکانیکی داربست در دو جهت موازی و عمود محور Z حین پرینت، متفاوت بوده و خواص مکانیکی داربست ساخته شده دارای خاصیت ناهمسانگردی (آنیزوتروپی) میباشد. مطالعه ریزساختاری توسط میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) نیز نشان می دهد مورفولوژی حفرات داربست در دو جهت، متفاوت میباشد و این، علت اصلی آنیزوتروپی خواص مکانیکی می باشد. بنابراین آنیزوتروپی خواص مکانیکی داربستهای تولید شده به روش FDM را باید حین کاربردهای تحت بار درون تنی مدنظر قرار داد. پرونده مقاله
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