تأثیر بازدارندگی عصاره آبی اندام‌های مختلف برخی از علف‌های هرز مزارع گوجه فرنگی بر مرگ و میر نماتد ریشه گرهی (Meloidogyne javanica) در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

الهام حسین پور ¹ (دانش آموخته ی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران.)
زهرا خورسند ² (استادیار ،گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی،واحد شوشتر،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،شوشتر،ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/06/17 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/08/22 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/03/01

کلید واژه: عصاره گیاهی, نماتد ریشه‌گرهی, تاج خروس, سلمه تره, پیچک صحرایی,

چکیده مقاله :

نماتد ریشه‌گرهی یکی از مهم‌ترین نماتدهای انگل گیاهی می‌باشد که با ایجاد گال در ریشه میزبان خسارت زیادی به محصولات کشاورزی وارد می‌کند. استفاده از متابولیت‌های ثانویه گیاهی به دلیل برخورداری از ویژگی‌هایی چون مکانیسم عمل اختصاصی، طیف اثر محدود و قابلیت تجزیه به متابولیتهای غیر سمی به عنوان یکی از بهترین استراتژی‌های جایگزین برای کنترل نماتدها مطرح گردیده است. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر بازدارندگی عصاره آبی گیاهان سلمه تره، تاج خروس و پیچک صحرایی بر نماتد ریشه‌گرهی (Meloidogyne javanica) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه انجام شد. آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 فاکتور نوع عصاره (در 3 سطح سلمه تره، تاج خروس و پیچک صحرایی)، غلظت عصاره (در 3 سطح با نسبت 04/0، 2/0 و 4/0%) و اندام عصاره‌گیری شده (در 3 سطح برگ، ساقه و ریشه) در سه تکرار برای هر تیمار در شرایط آزمایشگاه و دو گیاهی که بیشترین تأثیر را داشتند در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. عصاره هر سه گیاه باعث افزایش چشمگیر درصد مرگ و میر لارو‌های سن دوم نماتد در شرایط آزمایشگاه شد به نحوی که عصاره 4/0 % برگ تاج‌خروس با 3/98% مرگ و میر لارو سن 2 بیشترین مرگ و میر و عصاره 2/0% و 04/0% ریشه پیچک با 37% کمترین میزان مرگ و میر را نشان داد. دو گیاه تاج خروس و سلمه تره که دارای بهترین نتایج در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بودند در شرایط گلخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. کارآیی گیاه تاج خروس در کاهش آلودگی به نماتد نسبت به سلمه تره بیشتر بود. برگ گیاه تاج خروس نسبت به سایر اندامها در کاهش جمعیت نماتد موثرتر بود. عصاره هر دو گیاه باعث کاهش رشد گیاهان بدون آلودگی به نماتد نسبت به شاهد (بدون نماتد و بدون عصاره) گردید. به نظر می‌رسد اضافه کردن علفهای هرزی مثل تاج‌خروس و سلمه تره به خاک مزارع گوجه فرنگی، می‌تواند جمعیت لارو سن دو M. javanica در خاک را کاهش دهد، هرچند که رشد گیاه گوجه فرنگی نیز کاهش می‌یابد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most important plant pathogenic nematodes that reduce yield of economic plants worldwide. The use of compounds of plant secondary metabolites has been proposed as the best alternative strategy for controlling nematodes due to its properties such as specific mechanism of action, limited spectrum of action and the ability to decompose into non-toxic metabolites. This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and convolvulus arvensis on mortality of root-knot Nematode, (Meloidogyne javanica) in vitro conditions. Experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 factors (1- type of extract in 3 levels of Ch. album, A. retroflexus and C. arvensis, 2- concentration of extract in 3 levels with ratios of 0.04, 0.2 and 0.4% and 3- Extraction organs were performed at 3 levels of leaves, stems and roots in 3 replications for each treatment in laboratory conditions and the two plants that had the most effect were done in Labratory conditions. The results showed that the extracts of all three plants significantly increased the mortality of second level of nematode larvae. The extract of 0.4% of coriander leaves with 98.3% mortality of age 2 larvae had the highest mortality and the extract of 0.2% and 0.04% of ivy root with 37% had the lowest mortality. The two plants of Ch. album and A. retroflexus, which had the best results in vitro, were studied in greenhouse conditions. The reproductive factor of control with nematode has a significant difference with other treatmentsFrom the results of study,it can be cincluded that it is possible that the weeds of tomato fields especially A.retroflexus and Carvensi,returning to the ground canreduce the J2population of root-knit nematodes in the soil.

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