بررسی اثر عصاره آبی پوست سبز میوه گردو بر کنترل نماتد ریشه گرهی Meloidogyne javanica و صفات رشدی در گیاه گوجه فرنگی

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

فاطمه ناصری نسب ¹ (جهاد کشاورزی)
رامین حیدری ² (عضو هیئت علمی)
فروغ سنجریان ³ (عضو هیئت علمی)
قرشاد رخشنده رو ⁴ (عضو هیئت علمی)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/11/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/03/01

کلید واژه: گوجه فرنگی, نماتد ریشه‌گرهی, عصاره, پوست سبز میوه گردو,

چکیده مقاله :

در دهه­های اخیر تحقیقات بسیاری برای دستیابی به ترکیبات گیاهی مناسب در جهت جایگزین­نمودن ترکیبات شیمیایی با ترکیبات طبیعی برای کنترل نماتدها انجام گرفته است. در این تحقیق به منظور دستیابی به روشی موثر، کم­خطر و اقتصادی برای کنترل نماتد ریشه­گرهی Meloidogyne javanica بر روی گیاه گوجه فرنگی، اثر نماتدکشی و آللوپاتی عصاره آبی پوست سبز میوه گردومورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بررسی­ها در دو قسمت آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه­ای انجام شد. در بررسی آزمایشگاهی غلظت­های مختلف عصاره به طور معنی­داری درصد مرگ و میر لاروهای نماتد را افزایش دادند، به­طوری که غلظت­های 20% و 25%عصاره پس از 48 ساعت سبب از بین رفتن 100% لاروهای مورد آزمایش شدند. بالاترین درصد بازدارندگی از تفریخ تخم نیز در تیمار 25% و با مقدار عددی 5/75% در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مشاهده شد. در بررسی­های گلخانه­ای با وجود کاهش اثر عصاره نسبت به بررسی­های آزمایشگاهی، فاکتورهای بیماریزایی نماتد، شامل شاخص گال، تعداد توده تخم و تعداد لارو در خاک، در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش معنی­داری در سطح یک درصد داشت. بررسی اثر غلظت­های عصاره بر صفات رشدی گیاه نشان داد که غلظت های 5%، 10% و 15% عصاره بدون ایجاد تأثیر منفی در صفات رشدی گیاه، سبب کاهش معنی دار فاکتورهای بیماریزایی نماتد در مقایسه با شاهد شدند. در مجموع نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر قابلیت بالای نماتدکشی عصاره آبی پوست سبز میوه گردو می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In recent decades, many researches have been done to achieve plant compounds to replace chemicals against nematodes. In this study, the nematicidal and allelopathic effects of walnut green shell was studied in order to achieve effective, safe and economical methods for control of root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on tomato. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. Different concentrations of the extract significantly inhibit hatching and increased mortality rate of nematode larvae. The highest percentage of hatching inhibition in vitro was 75.5% and observed when treated with 25% extract. After 48 h of treatment 100% of larvae were killed by 20% and 25% concentration of extract. In green house, the virulence factors of nematode including gall index, the number of egg masses and the number of larvae in the soil were reduced significantly compared with the control. The results showed the extract concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% significantly reduces virulence factors of root knot nematode compared to the control without a negative impact on plant growth characteristics. Overall, the results indicated that the aqueous extract of walnut green sell have high nematicidal ability.

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