خوابی تعبیر شده؟! اعتمادالسلطنه و رؤیای صدارت‌اعظمی
محورهای موضوعی : تاریخ و تمدن اسلامی
1 - استادیار دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
کلید واژه: اعتمادالسلطنه, روان‌شناسی شخصیت, ناصرالدین‌شاه, امین‌السلطان, رؤیا و سیاست, صدارت‌اعظمی.,
چکیده مقاله :
محمدحسن‌خان اعتمادالسلطنه از رجال علمی-سیاسی برجسته دوران قاجاریه است که درباره زندگی او آگاهیهای بسیار در دست است، اما درباره کیفیت و نحوه تألیف آثار وی، رویکرد سیاسی و سبب مرگ ناگهانی‌اش میان پژوهشگران تاریخ قاجاریه، مناقشه بسیار وجود دارد. مقاله حاضر به بررسی کارنامه سیاسی او می‌پردازد. در 42 سالگی اعتمادالسلطنه، درحالی‌که دچار ناامیدی مزمن بود، همسرش رویایی دید که طبق آن او در 54 سالگی به وزارت (صدار‌اعظمی) می‌رسید. چنین می‌نماید که این خواب روند زندگی اعتمادالسلطنه را تا پایان عمر او تحت‌تأثیر مستقیم قرار داده‌است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهند که چگونه محیط سیاسی-اجتماعی، کنش‌های سیاسی اعتمادالسلطنه را شکل داده‌اند و چِسان خواب مذکور مسیر 12 سال پایانی زندگی او را برای تحقق رویای صدارت‌اعظمی رقم زده و او را به نگارش و فعالیت‌های گسترده سیاسی، رقابت با امین‌السلطان و پیوند با سفارت روسیه، واداشته است.
Mohammad Hassan Khan Etemad al-Saltaneh was a prominent scientific and political figure of the Qajar era. Despite the unique data available about him, his character, the quality and method of his writings, his political approach, and the mystery surrounding his sudden death have been contentious topics among his contemporaries and many researchers. Most of them have limited themselves to describing his life’s journey and recounting the judgments of his friends or rivals. Addressing all these issues exceeds the scope of a single article; thus, the current research focuses on his political career. Etemad al-Saltaneh, who was suffering from chronic despair at the age of 42, was told by his wife about a dream in which he would become a minister (Sadr-e Azam) at the age of 54. It seems that this dream had a direct impact on the course of Etemad al-Saltaneh’s life thereafter. This study, using psychology, briefly analyzes his life and character to evaluate how this dream influenced his political career. The findings reveal how the socio-political environment shaped Etemad al-Saltaneh’s political actions and how the dream guided the final 12 years of his life towards the pursuit of prime ministership, leading him to extensive political activities, competition with Amin al-Sultan, and alignment with the Russian embassy.
Adamiyat, Fereydun (1362/1983). Amīrkabīr wa Iran, Tehran: Khwārazmī.
Afḍal al- Mulk, Ghulām Ḥusayn (1361/1982). Afḍal al- Tawārīkh, Revised by Mansoureh Ettehadieh & Sedvendiyan, Tehran: Nashr- i Tāīkh- i Iran.
Al Davood, Seyed Ali (1379/2000). “Iʿtimād al- Salṭana”, Encyclopaedia Islamica, Tehran: The Centre for the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia.
Amīn al- Dawla Ghaffārī, Farrukh b. Mahdi (1346/1967). Majmūʿa- yi Asnād wa Madarik- i Farrukh Khān Amīn al- Dawla, Revised by Karim Isfahanian & Qodratullah Roushani Zaferanlou, Tehran: University of Tehran.
ʿAyn al- Salṭana, Qahramān Mīrzā (1374/1995). Rūznāma- yi Khāṭirāt- i ʿAyn al- Saltana, Tehran: Asāṭīr.
Bamdad, Mahdi (1357/1978). Sharḥ- i Ḥāl- i Rijāl- i Iran, Tehran: Zawār.
Feuvrier, Jean-Baptiste (1385/2006). Sih Sāl dar Darbār- i Iran, Trans. Eqbal Ashtiani, Tehran: Nashr- i ʿIlm.
Hashemi Rafsanjani, Akbar (1363/1984). Amīrkabīr Yā Qahramān- i Mubārizih bā Istiʿmār, Qom: Intishārāt- i Islāmī.
Iʿtimād al- Salṭana, Muḥammad Ḥasan Khān (1368/1989). Tārīkh- i Muntaẓim- i Nāṣirī, Revised by Mohammad Ismail Rezvani, Tehran: Dunyā- yi Kitāb.
Idem (1357/1978). Khalsa, Revised by Mahmoud Katiraei, Tehran: Tūkā.
Idem (1350/1971). Rūz- Nāma- yi Khāṭirāṭ- i Iʿtimād al- Salṭana( 2nd ed.), Revised by Iraj Afshar, Tehran: Amīrkabīr.
Idem (1389/2010). Rūz- Nāma- yi Khāṭirāṭ- i Iʿtimād al- Salṭana( 7th ed.), Revised by Iraj Afshar, Tehran: Amīrkabīr.
Idem (1374/1995). al-Maʾāthir wa al-Āthār, Revised by Hosein Mahboobi Ardakani & Iraj Afshar, Tehran: Asāṭir.
Idem (1367/1988). Mirāt al- Buldān, Revised by Abdolhossein Navaei & Mir Hashem Mohaddes, Tehran, University of Tehran.
Goulchin Maanii, Ahmad (1346/1967). Marg- i ʿIbrat- Angīz- i Iʿtimād al- Salṭana, Rāhnamā- yi Kitāb,10(1).
Karimi, Yousef (1390/2011). Rawān- Shināsī- yi Shakhṣiyyat, Tehran: Payām- i Nūr.
Khān Malik Sāsānī, Aḥmad (1338/1959). Siyāstgarān- i Dawra- yi Qājār, Tehran: Bābak.
Majd al- Mulk Sinki (1287AH/1870). Risāla- yi Majdiyya (Manuscript), Library, Museum and Document Center of Iran Parliament, No. 2297.
Mohit Tabatabai, Ahmad (1366/1987). Tārīkh- i Taḥīlī- yi Maṭbūʿāt- i Iran, Tehran: Biʿthat.
Motavali Haghighi, Yousef (1381/2002). Wazīr- i Tārīkh- Nigār, Pazhūhishī Pīrāmūn- i Zindigānī, Āthār wa Shīwa- yi Tārīkhnigārī- yi Muḥammad Ḥasan Khān Iʿtimād al- Salṭana, The University of Bojnord.
Mukhbir al- Dawla, Mahdī Qulī Hidāyat (1385/2006). Khāṭirāt wa Khaṭarāṭ, Tehran: Zawār.
Mustawfī, ʿAbd Allāh (1384/2005). Sharḥ- i Zindigānī- yi Man, Tehran: Zawār.
Nāṣir al- Dīn Shāh Qājār (1369/1990). Rūznāma- yi Khāṭirāṭ- i Nāṣir al- Dīn Shāh dar Safar Siwwum- i Farangistān, Revised by Mohammad Ismail Rezvani & Fatemeh Qaziha, Tehran: National Library of Iran.
Idem (1398/2019). Rūznāma- i Khāṭirāt (az Jamādī al- Awwal 1312 tā Dhīqaʿda 1313 AH). Revised by Majid Abdamin, Tehran: Mahmoud Afshar Foundation.
Idem (1397/2018). Rūznāma- i Khāṭirāt (az Rabīʿ al- Awwal 1308 tā Rabīʿ al- Thānī 1309 AH). Revised by Majid Abdamin, Tehran: Mahmoud Afshar Foundation.
Idem (1387/2008). Safar- Nāma- yi ʿIrāq- i ʿAjam, Tehran: Iṭṭilāʿāt.
National Library of Iran (SAKMA). “Tafriyyḥāt- i Nāṣir al- Dīn Shāh dar Lār, Taʾlīfāt- i Iʿtimād al- Salṭana wa Naqqāshī- hā- yi Kamāl al- Mulk wa Mashāghil- i Aū. NO. 296003180, Daftarĉih Ḥāwī- yi Nāma- hā- yi Dūstāna- yi Iʿtimād al- Salṭana Bih Nāṣir al- Dīn Shāh wa Amīr Niẓām” NO: 3170122.
Qasemi, Seyed Farid (1379/2000). Mashāhīr- i Maṭbūʿāt- i Iran, Iʿtimād al- Salṭana, Tehran: Wizārat- i Farhang wa Irshād.
Ross, Alan. A. (1373/1994). Rawān- Shināsī- yi Shakhṣiyyat (Naẓariyya- hā wa Farāyan- hā), Trans. Siavash Jamal Far, Tehran: Biʿthat.
Sadat Nouri, Hossien (1346/1967). Rūznāma- yi Khāṭirāt- i Iʿtimād al- Salṭana,Yaghmā, No. 3, pp. 139-145.
Safaie, Ibrahim (1355/1976). Asnād- i Siyāsī- yi Dawrān- i Qājāriyya, Tehran: Bābak.
Schultz, Duane, Ellen Schultz, Sydney (1389/2011). Theories of Personality, Trans. Yahya Seyed Mohammadi, Tehran: Wīrāyish.
Ẓill al- Sultān, Massʿūd Mīrzā (1368/1989). Khāṭirāt- i Ẓill al- Sultān, Revised by Hoseyn Khadiv Jam, Tehran: Asāṭir