شناسایی خطرات و ارزیابی ریسک به روش FMEA در مدارس ابتدایی دخترانه و پسرانه دولتی منطقه 8 تهران
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست، بهداشت و ایمنیمبینا باکویی کترینی 1 , سید علیرضا میرزا حسینی 2 * , مهناز نصرآبادی 3
1 - کارشناس ارشد مدیریت محیط زیست گرایش (HSE)، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان، ایران.
2 - استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی،گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، تهران، ایران*(مسوول مکاتبات).
3 - استادیاردانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، گروه مدیریت محیط زیست(HSE)، زاهدان، ایران.
کلید واژه: ارزیابی خطر, ریسک, مدارس ابتدایی, دخترانه, پسرانه,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: شناسایی خطرات و ارزیابی ریسک در مدارس می تواند اقدامی مؤثر و سنجیده در بهبود سلامت و پیشرفت دانش آموزان به خصوص در مقطع دبستان باشد. روش تحقیق: در این پژوهش از ترکیب دو روش ارزیابی ریسک FMEA & William Fine به صورت سه عاملی (شدت اثر، احتمال وقوع و میزان مواجهه) استفاده شد. پس از شناسایی فعالیت ها، از طریق بازدید، مشاهده و مصاحبه با افراد مسوول و دانش آموزان، خطرات بالقوه شناسایی و سپس با توجه به شدت اثر، احتمال وقوع پیامدها و میزان مواجهه، ارزیابی و طبقه بندی خطرات انجام شد. یافته ها: در این پژوهش در مجموع ریسک های ایمنی و بهداشتی در دختران در سطوح مختلف H، M و L به ترتیب 4، 15 و 39 و در پسران، H، M و L به ترتیب 5، 16 و 35 بوده است که با انجام اقدات کنترلی پیشنهاد شده و ارزیابی مجدد ریسک ها، مجموع ریسک های ایمنی و بهداشتی در سطوح مختلف در دختران، H، M و L به ترتیب2، 6 و 50 و در پسران، H، M و L به ترتیب 2، 7 و 47 تغییر کرد. که تعداد ریسک های (H و M) بعد از انجام اقدامات کنترلی به مقدار قابل توجهی کاهش یافت. بحث و نتیجه گیری: خطرات شناسایی شده در هر دو جنس در بیش تر موارد مشابه بود اما از نظر شدت خطر با توجه به جنسیت دانش آموزان در پسران بیش تر بوده است که از دلایل بالا بودن آن می توان به میزان فعالیت بدنی بیش تر، اعتماد داشتن به مهارت های فردی و انجام رفتارهای پر خطر و ناچیز شمردن خطرات بدنی اشاره کرد.
Abstract Background and Objective:Dangers recognition and risk assessment in the schools can be considered as an efficient action to improve students’ health and development especially in elementary schools. Method: Two risks evaluation approaches of FMEA and William Fine have been used in this survey. In addition, risk assessment was furnished based on three factors (effect severity, occurrence probability, and exposure level). After identifying the activities through frequent presence in the study places and interviewing the students and the people in charge, the dangers and potential harmful effects were identified. Finally, considering the effect severity, possible consequences occurrence probability, and the exposure level, the risks evaluation and classification were done. Findings: Regarding summation of health and safety hazards for girls in different levels of H, M, and L had been 4, 15, and 38, respectively. Furthermore, sum of health and safety risks for boys in various levels of H, M, and L had been 5, 16, and 35, respectively. After taking the proposed controlling actions and re-evaluating the hazards, in different phases of H, M, and L for girls was changed to 2, 6, and 50, respectively and this amount was changed to 2, 7, and 47 for boys in various levels of H, M, and L, respectively. The number of risks in the average and unacceptable levels was considerably reduced after performing the controlling actions. Discussion and Conclusion: The identified hazards have been similar for both genders in most of the cases. The hazard intensity has been higher in boys which can be related to higher physical activity, trusting their personal skills, engaging in risky behaviors, and underestimating physical dangers.
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- Khosravi, Sh., Yaghmai, F. 2010. Designing a Student accident report form. Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 2. (In Persian).
- Sosnowska, S., Kostka, T., 2003. Epidemiology of school accident during a six school-year period in one region in Poland. European Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 18(10), pp. 977-82.
- Schalamon, J., Eberl, R., Ainoedhofer, H., Singer, G., Spitzer, P., Mayr, J., Schober, P.H., Hoellwarth, M.E., 2007. School accidents in Austria. Pediatric Surgery International, Vol. 23(9), pp. 861-5.
- Kermani, M., Farzadkia, M.,Yousefi, Z.,Ghandali, R. 2012. Investigating the Environmental Health and Safety Status among Primary Schools in Pakdasht city in the academic year 2010-2011. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 95. (In Persian).
- Raman, S.R., Boyce, W.F., Pickett, W. 2009. Associations between adolescent risk behaviors and injury: the modifying role of disability. Journal of School Health, Vol. 79(1), pp. 8-16.
- Wong, D.L. 1999. Whaley and Wong Nursing Care of Infant and Children. 6th edition, St. Louis, Mosby Company.
- Brown, D. 2004. Traffic Fatalities, A Growing Thereat Worldwide.
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 2014. School-Transportation-Related Crashes, U.S. Department of Transportation, see information in: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/812170.pdf. 4p.
- Hajian, K.O., Sajadi, P., Rezani, A., 2008. Prevalence of Overweight and Underweight among Primary School children Aged 7-12 Years (Babol; 2006). Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Volume 10, Number 3: 83-91. (In Persian).
- Heidarimoghadam, R., Golmohammadi, R., Roshanaei, G., Zare, R. 2015. Assessing the match between female Primary Studentsʼ anthropometric dimensions and furniture dimensions in Hamadan Schools in 2013. Journal of Health and Safety at Work. Vol. 5, No. 1. (In Persian)
15. Salehpourdehkordi, Z., Yaghmaei, F., Akbarzadeh baghban, A., Hosseinzadeh, S. 2010. The Survey of Hygiene and Safety Physical Environment Status of Primary Schools in Shahrekord City in 2009. The Journal of Toloo-e-behdasht, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.41-50. (In Persian)
16. Rezaei, K., Seyedi, M., Nouri, B. 2003, Analysis of the malfunction scenarios and its effects by FMEA. (In Persian).
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- Mokdad, M., Al-Ansari, M. 2004. Anthropometric perspective. Ergonomics, Vol. 47(4), pp. 416-426.
- Khosravi, Sh., Yaghmai, F. 2010. Designing a Student accident report form. Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 2. (In Persian).
- Sosnowska, S., Kostka, T., 2003. Epidemiology of school accident during a six school-year period in one region in Poland. European Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 18(10), pp. 977-82.
- Schalamon, J., Eberl, R., Ainoedhofer, H., Singer, G., Spitzer, P., Mayr, J., Schober, P.H., Hoellwarth, M.E., 2007. School accidents in Austria. Pediatric Surgery International, Vol. 23(9), pp. 861-5.
- Kermani, M., Farzadkia, M.,Yousefi, Z.,Ghandali, R. 2012. Investigating the Environmental Health and Safety Status among Primary Schools in Pakdasht city in the academic year 2010-2011. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 95. (In Persian).
- Raman, S.R., Boyce, W.F., Pickett, W. 2009. Associations between adolescent risk behaviors and injury: the modifying role of disability. Journal of School Health, Vol. 79(1), pp. 8-16.
- Wong, D.L. 1999. Whaley and Wong Nursing Care of Infant and Children. 6th edition, St. Louis, Mosby Company.
- Brown, D. 2004. Traffic Fatalities, A Growing Thereat Worldwide.
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 2014. School-Transportation-Related Crashes, U.S. Department of Transportation, see information in: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/812170.pdf. 4p.
- Hajian, K.O., Sajadi, P., Rezani, A., 2008. Prevalence of Overweight and Underweight among Primary School children Aged 7-12 Years (Babol; 2006). Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Volume 10, Number 3: 83-91. (In Persian).
- Heidarimoghadam, R., Golmohammadi, R., Roshanaei, G., Zare, R. 2015. Assessing the match between female Primary Studentsʼ anthropometric dimensions and furniture dimensions in Hamadan Schools in 2013. Journal of Health and Safety at Work. Vol. 5, No. 1. (In Persian)
15. Salehpourdehkordi, Z., Yaghmaei, F., Akbarzadeh baghban, A., Hosseinzadeh, S. 2010. The Survey of Hygiene and Safety Physical Environment Status of Primary Schools in Shahrekord City in 2009. The Journal of Toloo-e-behdasht, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.41-50. (In Persian)
16. Rezaei, K., Seyedi, M., Nouri, B. 2003, Analysis of the malfunction scenarios and its effects by FMEA. (In Persian).