تأثیر غلظت‌های کاهش یافته علف‌کش تریفلورالین در کنترل علف‌های‌هرز سلمه‌تره (Chenopodium album L.) و تاج‌خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) در مزارع سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.)
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
محمد تقی آل ابراهیم
1
(
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
)
الهام صمدی کلخوران
2
(
دانشجوی دکتری علوم علف‌های‌هرز، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/06/07
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/09
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/01
کلید واژه:
کنترل شیمیایی,
تراکم علف‌های‌هرز,
غلظت- پاسخ,
عملکرد غده.,
چکیده مقاله :
تأثیر غلظت های کاهش یافته علف کش تریفلورالین در کنترل سلمه تره و تاج خروس ریشه قرمز در مزارع سیب زمینی طی آزمایش مزرعه ای، در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آلاروق اردبیل در سال 1392 به صورت بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و روی رقم آگریا (رقم مرسوم منطقه) اجرا شد. آزمایش شامل علف‌کش تریفلورالین در غلظت های 125/0، 25/0، 5/0، 1، 2 و 4 لیتر ماده مؤثره در هکتار بود؛ همچنین دو تیمار بدون وجین علف های هرز و وجین کامل علف های هرز به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شدند. نمونه برداری از علف های هرز در دو مرحله، قبل از گلدهی و بعد از گلدهی سیب زمینی، به عمل آمد. نتایج تجزیه های آماری نشان داد که غلظت های مختلف علف کش تریفلورالین تأثیر معنی داری بر درصد کاهش تراکم های سلمه تره و تاج خروس ریشه قرمز داشتند. بالاترین درصد کاهش تراکم کل علف های هرز در مرحله قبل از گلدهی و بعد از گلدهی به ترتیب با استفاده از غلظت 4 لیتر ماده مؤثره در هکتار علف کش تریفلورالین به دست آمد که به ترتیب باعث کاهش 94/91 و 43/90 درصدی تراکم کل علف های هرز گردیدند. کاربرد غلظت 4 لیتر ماده مؤثره در هکتار تریفلورالین در مرحله ی قبل از گلدهی و بعد از گلدهی به ترتیب باعث کاهش 13/87 و 04/86 درصدی تراکم سلمه تره شد. کاربرد غلظت 4 لیتر ماده مؤثره در هکتار تریفلورالین باعث کاهش بیش از 90 درصدی تراکم تاج خروس ریشه قرمز در هر دو مرحله ی مورد مطالعه گردید. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که غلظت های مختلف علف کش تریفلورالین تأثیر معنی داری بر متوسط وزن غده، وزن غده در بوته و عملکرد غده سیب زمینی داشت. بالاترین متوسط وزن غده، وزن غده در بوته و عملکرد غده سیب زمینی بعد از تیمار وجین کامل علف های هرز، در تیمار 2 لیتر ماده مؤثره در هکتار تریفلورالین می باشد که با غلظت 4 لیتر ماده مؤثره در هکتار در یک گروه آماری قرار داشت. به طورکلی، کاربرد غلظت های 2 و 4 لیتر ماده مؤثره در هکتار تریفلورالین به ترتیب باعث افزایش 85/51 و 74/50 درصدی عملکرد غده گردید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
To evaluate the reduced concentration effect of Trifluralin (Treflan EC 33%) on common lamsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in potato (cv. Agria) a field experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was carried out at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil during 2013. Treatments were concentration of Trifluralin (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Lit a.i/ha) without weed control and weeding out (as control). Sampling of weeds were performed before and after flowering of potato. Statistical analysis showed significant differences of reduced concentrations of Trifluralin on reduction of both lamsquarters and pigweed in the field. The highest reduction in percentages of weed densities, before and after flowering (91.94 and 90.34 percent, respectively) were achieved by using 4 Lit a.i/ha of Trifluralin. Application 4 Lit a.i/ha of Trifluralin at before and after flowering reduced common lamsquarters density by 87.13 and 86.04 percentages, respectively. Application 4 Lit a.i/ ha Trifluralin at befor and after flowering reduced pigweed density by more than 90 percent. Experimental results also showed that different concentrations of Trifluralin had significant effect on mean tuber weight per plant, and potato tuber yield. The highest mean weight of tuber per plant, yield per plant and potato tuber yield was obtained at 2 Lit a.i/ha Trifluralin concentration, while it was not significantly different from that of 4 Lit a.i/ ha. Generally, application of 2 and 4 Lit a.i/ha Trifluralin incereased tuber yield by 51.85 and 50.74 percents respectively.
منابع و مأخذ:
· Alebrahim, M.T., M.H. Rashed Mohassel, S. Wilkakson, M.A. Baghestani, and R. Ghorbani. 2011. Evaluatin of 6 unregistered herbicides efficacy in Iran potato fields and herbicide relation to cytochromes P450 mono- oxygenase enzyme. Ph.D. Thesis. Ferdowsi. University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
· Alebrahim, M.T., R. Majd, M.H. Rashed Mohassel, S. Wilkakson, M.A. Baghestani, and R. Ghorbani. 2012. Evaluating the efficacy of pre and post emergence herbicides for controlling Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. in potato. Crop Protection. 25(4): 367- 358.
· Alebrahim, M.T., R. Majd, M.H. Rashed Mohassel, S. Wilkakson, M.A. Baghestani, R. Ghorbani, and P. Kudsk. 2012.Evaluating of some herbicides for Lambsquarter and prostrate pigweed control in potato fields. Journal Crop Protection. 42: 345- 350. (In Persian).
· Anderson, R.L. 2009. Impact of preceding crop and cultural practices on rye growth in winter wheat. Weed Technology. 23: 564-568.
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· Chitband, A.A., R. Ghorbani, M.H. Rashed Mohassel, and A. Zare. 2010. Joint effects of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron and clodinafop- propargyl and optimizing with use citowett and frigate sulfectants on wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.). MSc. Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian).
· Cory, V., and I. Joey, 1998. Weed control and potato variety tolerance to herbicides. Annual Report of Muibauer Experiment Station, Oregon State University.
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· Eslami, S.V., G.S. Gill, B. Bellotti, and G. Mcdonald. 2006. Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) interference in wheat. Weed Science. 54: 749-756.
· Jaiswal, V.P. 1992. Crop-weed competition studies in potato. Journal of Indian potato Association. 18: 131- 134.
· Lensik, M. 2003. The impact of maize stand density on herbicide efficiency. Plant, Soil Environment. 49: 29–35.
· Majd, R., and M.T. Alebrahim. 2013. The evaluation of 5 herbicide efficacy on Common lamsquarter (Chenopodium album L.) and Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in potato in Ardabil. 3th Organic and Convention Agriculture Congress. Ardabil. (In Persian).
· Norsworthy, J.K., and J.R. Frederick. 2005. Integrated weed management strategies for maize production on the southeastern coastal of Nort America. Crop Production. 24: 119-126
· Rajcan, I., and C.J. Swanton. 2001. Understanding maize –weed competition: resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crop Research. 71: 139-150.
· Ramsdel, B.K., and C.G. Messersmith. 2002. Low-rate split-applied herbicide treatments for wild oat (Avena fatua L.) control in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technology. 16(1): 149- 155.
· Roberts, J.R., T.F. Peeper, and J.B. Solie. 2001. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) row spacing, seeding rate and cultivar affect interference from rye (Secale cereale). Weed Technology. 15: 19-25.
· Samadi kalkhoran, E., and M.T. Alebrahim. 2016. Effect of dose and oxadiargyl application time at the different growth stages on weed biomass and tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Crop Ecophysiology. 4(36): 625-644. (In Persian).
· Seefldet, S.S., J.E. Jensen, and E.P. Fuerft. 1995. Log-logistic analysis of herbicide dese- response relationship. Weed Technology. 9: 218- 225.
· Talger, L., E. Lauringson, M. Koppel, H. Nurmekivi, and S. Uusna. 2004. Weed control in spring barley by lower doses of herbicides in Estonia. Latvian Journal of Agronomy. 7: 171– 175.
· Tanji, A., D.L. Regher. 1988. Weeding and nitrogen effects on farmers, wheat crop in semi-arid Morocco. Weed Research. 28: 101-109.
· Uchino, H., K. Iwama, Y. Jitsuyama, K. Ichiyama, E.R.I. Sugiura, T. Yudate, S. Nakamura, and J.A.I. Gopal. 2012. Effect of interseeding cover crops and fertilization on weed suppression under an organic and rotational cropping system 1. Stability of weed suppression over years and main crops of potato, maize and soybean. Field Crops Research. 127: 9–16.
· Walker, S.R., R.W. Medd, G.R. Robinson, and B.R. Cullis. 2002. Improved management of Avena ludoviciana and Phalaris paradoxa with more densely sown wheat and less herbicide. Weed Research. 42: 257–270.
· Wallace, R.W., and R.R. Bellinder, 1990. Low rate application of herbicide in conventional and reduced tillage potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.).Weed Technology. 4: 509-513.
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· Alebrahim, M.T., M.H. Rashed Mohassel, S. Wilkakson, M.A. Baghestani, and R. Ghorbani. 2011. Evaluatin of 6 unregistered herbicides efficacy in Iran potato fields and herbicide relation to cytochromes P450 mono- oxygenase enzyme. Ph.D. Thesis. Ferdowsi. University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
· Alebrahim, M.T., R. Majd, M.H. Rashed Mohassel, S. Wilkakson, M.A. Baghestani, and R. Ghorbani. 2012. Evaluating the efficacy of pre and post emergence herbicides for controlling Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. in potato. Crop Protection. 25(4): 367- 358.
· Alebrahim, M.T., R. Majd, M.H. Rashed Mohassel, S. Wilkakson, M.A. Baghestani, R. Ghorbani, and P. Kudsk. 2012.Evaluating of some herbicides for Lambsquarter and prostrate pigweed control in potato fields. Journal Crop Protection. 42: 345- 350. (In Persian).
· Anderson, R.L. 2009. Impact of preceding crop and cultural practices on rye growth in winter wheat. Weed Technology. 23: 564-568.
· Anonymous. 2013. Meteorological organization Ardabil. WWW. Ardebilmet. Ir. (In Persian).
· Cheema, Z.A, I. Jaffer, and A. Khaliq. 2003. Reducing isoproturon dose in combination with sorgaab for weed control in wheat. Pakistan Journal Weed Science Research. 9(3&4): 153-160.
· Chitband, A.A., R. Ghorbani, M.H. Rashed Mohassel, and A. Zare. 2010. Joint effects of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron and clodinafop- propargyl and optimizing with use citowett and frigate sulfectants on wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.). MSc. Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian).
· Cory, V., and I. Joey, 1998. Weed control and potato variety tolerance to herbicides. Annual Report of Muibauer Experiment Station, Oregon State University.
· Dallyn, S.L. 1971. Weed control methods in potatoes. American Potato Journal. 48: 116-124.
· Eslami, S.V., G.S. Gill, B. Bellotti, and G. Mcdonald. 2006. Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) interference in wheat. Weed Science. 54: 749-756.
· Jaiswal, V.P. 1992. Crop-weed competition studies in potato. Journal of Indian potato Association. 18: 131- 134.
· Lensik, M. 2003. The impact of maize stand density on herbicide efficiency. Plant, Soil Environment. 49: 29–35.
· Majd, R., and M.T. Alebrahim. 2013. The evaluation of 5 herbicide efficacy on Common lamsquarter (Chenopodium album L.) and Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in potato in Ardabil. 3th Organic and Convention Agriculture Congress. Ardabil. (In Persian).
· Norsworthy, J.K., and J.R. Frederick. 2005. Integrated weed management strategies for maize production on the southeastern coastal of Nort America. Crop Production. 24: 119-126
· Rajcan, I., and C.J. Swanton. 2001. Understanding maize –weed competition: resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crop Research. 71: 139-150.
· Ramsdel, B.K., and C.G. Messersmith. 2002. Low-rate split-applied herbicide treatments for wild oat (Avena fatua L.) control in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technology. 16(1): 149- 155.
· Roberts, J.R., T.F. Peeper, and J.B. Solie. 2001. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) row spacing, seeding rate and cultivar affect interference from rye (Secale cereale). Weed Technology. 15: 19-25.
· Samadi kalkhoran, E., and M.T. Alebrahim. 2016. Effect of dose and oxadiargyl application time at the different growth stages on weed biomass and tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Crop Ecophysiology. 4(36): 625-644. (In Persian).
· Seefldet, S.S., J.E. Jensen, and E.P. Fuerft. 1995. Log-logistic analysis of herbicide dese- response relationship. Weed Technology. 9: 218- 225.
· Talger, L., E. Lauringson, M. Koppel, H. Nurmekivi, and S. Uusna. 2004. Weed control in spring barley by lower doses of herbicides in Estonia. Latvian Journal of Agronomy. 7: 171– 175.
· Tanji, A., D.L. Regher. 1988. Weeding and nitrogen effects on farmers, wheat crop in semi-arid Morocco. Weed Research. 28: 101-109.
· Uchino, H., K. Iwama, Y. Jitsuyama, K. Ichiyama, E.R.I. Sugiura, T. Yudate, S. Nakamura, and J.A.I. Gopal. 2012. Effect of interseeding cover crops and fertilization on weed suppression under an organic and rotational cropping system 1. Stability of weed suppression over years and main crops of potato, maize and soybean. Field Crops Research. 127: 9–16.
· Walker, S.R., R.W. Medd, G.R. Robinson, and B.R. Cullis. 2002. Improved management of Avena ludoviciana and Phalaris paradoxa with more densely sown wheat and less herbicide. Weed Research. 42: 257–270.
· Wallace, R.W., and R.R. Bellinder, 1990. Low rate application of herbicide in conventional and reduced tillage potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.).Weed Technology. 4: 509-513.
