اثر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری بر ویژگی‌های زراعی و کیفیت دانه ژنوتیپ‌های برنج (.Oryza sativa L)

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

معصومه حبیبی ¹ , پوریا مظلوم ² , مرتضی نصیری ³ , علی افتخاری ⁴ , مرتضی مبلغی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، واحدچالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران
2 - استادیارگروه زراعت، واحدچالوس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، چالوس، ایران
3 - استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات برنج، معاونت مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران
4 - استادیارگروه زراعت، واحدچالوس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، چالوس، ایران
5 - استادیارگروه زراعت، واحدچالوس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، چالوس، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/01/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/11/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01

کلید واژه: آمیلوز, کم‌آبیاری, درجه تبدیل, دمای ژلاتینی,

چکیده مقاله :

وقوع کم آبی یا تنش خشکی در طی رشد گیاه افزون بر کاهش عملکرد، کاهش کیفیت فیزیکی و پخت دانه برنج را نیز به همراه دارد. از این رو، پژوهش حاضر جهت ارزیابی رژیم های آبیاری بر عملکرد و صفات کیفی 10 ژنوتیپ برنج در مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور (معاونت مازنداران-آمل) در سال زراعی 1396 اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با عامل اصلی شامل روش های آبیاری در سه سطح غرقابی (Flood Irrigation)، روش تر و خشک شدن تناوبی با سطح ایستایی 10 (AWD10) و 20 (AWD20) سانتی متری زیر سطح خاک و‍ عامل فرعی شامل 10 ژنوتیپ برنج انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری فقط بر طول دانه قبل از پخت، دانه خرد، محتوی آمیلوز و دمای ژلاتینه شدن از نظر آماری معنی دار بود. در میان ژنوتیپ ها، ندا با میانگین 6901/7 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت با میانگین 44/2 درصد، راندمان تبدیل با میانگین 72/3 درصد و درصد دانه سالم را با میانگین 65/3 درصد بیشترین مقادیر را به خود اختصاص داد. بیشترین درجه تبدیل (90 درصد)، طول دانه بعد از پخت (13/2 میلی متر)، نسبت طویل شدن (دو میلی متر) و دمای ژلاتینی (5/6) به ترتیب به ژنوتیپ های وندانا،IR74428-153-2-3 ، فیروزان وIR70416-53-2-2 تعلق داشت. به طورکلی، با توجه به اینکه صفات مهم کمی و کیفی ژنوتیپ ها در تیمار های رژیم آبی تفاوتی با روش غرقابی نداشت، در نتیجه ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه جهت کاشت در مناطقی با کمبود آب آبیاری قابل توصیه می باشد. لازم به ذکر است که ژنوتیپ ندا به دلیل افزایش چند صفت مهم کمی و کیفی نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ های مورد بررسی ژنوتیپ برتر می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The occurrence of water shortage and drought stress during plant growth, is caused yield loss as well as the grain quality of rice genotypes. Hence, this experiment was conducted to determine eefects of different irrigation methods on rice grain yield and several important grain quality traits such as amylose percentage, degree of milling and gelatinization temperature in Rice Research Institute of Iran (Mazandaran Branch, Amol) in 2017. Experiment carried out as split plots using randomized complete blocks design with main factor of irrigation methods in three levels of flooding irrigation, alternate wetting and drying method up to 10 (AWD10) and 20 (AWD20) cm below the soil surface and sub-factor with ten rice genotypes. The results showed that different irrigation treatments were statistically significant on garin lenghg before cooking, crash grain, amylose content and gelatinization temperature. Among the genotypes, Neda with average of 6901.7 kg.ha-1 had the highest grain yield, harvest index 44.2%, milling efficiency, degree of milling 72.3% and healthy garin 65.3%. The highest degree of milling (90%), grain length after cooking (13.2 mm), elongation ratio (2 mm) and Gelatinization temperature (5.6) belong to Vandana, IR74428-153-2-3, Firozan and IR70416-53-2-2 genotypes, respectively. In general, considering to the important quantities and qualities traits of genotypes in irrigation regime treatments were not different from flooding method, therefore, the studied genotypes are recommended for planting in areas with lack of irrigation water. It should be noted that Neda genotype is introduced as a superior genotype due to increase of sevral important quantities and qualities traits compared to other genotypes.

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