اثر تنظیم¬کننده¬های رشد بر عملکرد کمی و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی ارقام گندم تحت رژیم آبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعینیلوفر ماهری 1 , طیب ساکی نژاد 2 , عادل مدحج 3 * , محمد رضا دادنیا 4 , کیوان مرعشی 5
1 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، داشنگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واخد اهواز
3 - واحد شوشتر
4 - دانشگاه آزاد واحد اهواز
5 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز
کلید واژه: جاسمونیک‌اسید, سالیسیلیک‌اسید, سایتوکینین, کاتالاز, گندم نان, وزن هزار دانه.,
چکیده مقاله :
به¬منظور بررسی اثر تنظیم¬کننده¬های رشد بر عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی ارقام گندم تحت رژیم آبیاری، این آزمایش به‌صورت کرت¬های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تکرار در مزرعه¬ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اهواز طی سال¬های زراعی 97-1396 و 98-1397 انجام شد. عامل اصلی رژیم آبیاری در 2 سطح شامل: آبیاری تا پایان فصل و قطع آبیاری در مرحله پرشدن دانه، رقم گندم نان شامل: چمران 2 و دوروم کرخه در کرت‌های فرعی و تنظیم¬کننده¬های رشد در 4 سطح شامل: بدون تنظیم¬کننده رشد (شاهد)، جاسمونیک¬اسید، سالیسیلیک‌اسید و سایتوکینین در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد برهم¬کنش سه‌گانه رژیم آبیاری، رقم و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد بر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی¬دار بود. بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه (4803 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به تیمار آبیاری کامل و کاربرد سالیسیلیک‌اسید در رقم چمران2 بود. هر چند با قطع آبیاری در مرحله پرشدن دانه و عدم کاربرد تنظیم‌کننده‌ی رشد در رقم کرخه از عملکرد دانه به میزان 5/15 درصد كاسته شده است، اما کاربرد سالیسیلیک‌اسید توانست تا حدودی اثر منفی تنش خشکی در عملکرد دانه را جبران نماید. هم¬چنین برهم¬کنش رژیم آبیاری و تنظیم‌کننده‌رشد بر وزن هزار دانه، شاخص کلروفیل، آنزیم کاتالاز و شاخص سطح برگ معنی¬دار بود. اگرچه تنش خشكي موجب كاهش عملكرد گندم شد، ليكن تنظيم‌كننده‌هاي رشد موجب جبران بخشي از كاهش عملكرد ناشي از خشكي گرديدند. به‌طور کلی برای افزایش رشد و عملکرد در شرایط مطلوب و کاهش افت در شرایط تنش، استفاده از تنظیم‌کننده سالسیلیک‌اسید در رقم چمران 2 در منطقه اهواز و مناطق مشابه از نظر آب و هوایی قابل توصیه است.
In order to investigate the effect of growth regulators on grain yield and some physiological traits of wheat cultivars under irrigation regime, a double split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications, in the research farm of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University during the cropping years of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The main factor of irrigation regime in 2 levels included: irrigation until the end of the season and interruption of irrigation in the stage of seed filling. Bread wheat cultivars in 2 levels included: Chamran 2 and Durum Karkhe in the sub-plot and growth regulators in 4 levels included: no growth regulator (control), jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and cytokinin in the sub-plot. The results of composite variance analysis showed that the triple interaction of irrigation regime, cultivar and growth regulators on grain yield and biological yield was significant. The highest seed yield (4803 kg.ha-1) was related to full irrigation treatment and application of salicylic acid in Chamran 2 variety. Although the grain yield has decreased by 15.5% due to the interruption of irrigation in the seed filling stage, but the application of salicylic acid was able to compensate to some extent the negative effect of drought stress on grain yield. Also, the interaction of drought stress at the end of the season and growth regulator on thousand seed weight, chlorophyll index, catalase enzyme and leaf area index was significant. Although drought stress caused a decrease in wheat yield, growth regulators partially compensated for the decrease in yield caused by drought. In general, to increase growth and yield in favorable conditions and to reduce losses in stressful conditions, it is recommended to use salicylic acid regulator in Chamran 2 variety in Ahvaz region and similar regions in terms of climate.
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