پاسخ کشت مخلوط سیب¬زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) با باقلا (Vicia faba L.) و نخودفرنگی (Pisum sativum L.) تحت نظام‌های کودی مختلف

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

رمضان سرپرست ¹ , فائزه زعفریان ^{2 *} , همت اله پیردشتی ³ , مجتبی محمودی ⁴

1 - 1- استادیار بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش
2 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3 - دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
4 - بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/03/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/05/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/07/01

کلید واژه: ازتوباکتر, بیوچار, عملکرد, تنوع زیستی,

چکیده مقاله :

به¬منظور بررسی عملکرد و اجزای کشت خالص و مخلوط سیب¬زمینی با باقلا و نخودفرنگی تحت تاثیرکودهاي زیستی، آلی و شیمیایی آزمایشی دو ساله (سال‌های 1398و 1397) به¬صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوك¬هاي کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ايستگاه تحقيقات كشاورزي قراخیل (قائم¬شهر) انجام گردید. تیمارها شامل الگو¬های مختلف کشت (تک¬کشتی سیب¬زمینی، باقلا و نخودفرنگی و مخلوط سیب¬زمینی+ باقلا و سیب-زمینی+ نخودفرنگی) و عامل دوم کاربرد انواع نظام¬های کودی در هفت سطح شامل عدم استفاده از کود (شاهد)، کاربرد کود زیستی ازتوباکتر، کاربرد کود آلی بیوچار، کاربرد کود شیمیایی اوره، کاربرد تلفیقی 50% کود زیستی ازتوباکتر + 50% کود آلی، کاربرد تلفیقی 50% کود زیستی ازتوباکتر + 50% کود شیمیایی و کاربرد تلفیقی 50% کود شیمیایی + 50% کود آلی اجرا گردید. عملکرد سیب¬زمینی، باقلا و نخودفرنگی در الگوی کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص برتري داشت. نظام¬هاي کودي اثر بسیار معنی¬داري بر عملکرد غده سیب‌زمینی در دو سال آزمایش داشت؛ به‌طوریکه نتایج مقایسه ميانگين نشان داد که کاربرد تلفیقی کود زیستی+ کود آلی سبب افزایش عملکرد سیب¬زمینی به¬ترتیب 29772 و 36178 کیلو گرم در هر هکتار در سال¬های اول و دوم آزمایش گردید. بیشترین صفات مربوط به باقلا نظیر تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته، طول غلاف، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد غلاف سبز باقلا طی دو سال در الگوی کاشت مخلوط باقلا + سیب‌زمینی به¬دست آمد. همچنین نتایج گویای این مطلب بود که در سال اول و دوم بالاترین عملکرد غلاف سبز باقلا (به¬ترتیب 2/20804 و 3/22801 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد تلفیقی کود زیستی + کود آلی و بیشترین عملکرد نخودفرنگی در سال اول و دوم (به‌ترتیب 6/12104 و 3/11806 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از الگوی کاشت مخلوط نخودفرنگی + سیب¬زمینی به‌همراه کاربرد تلفیقی کود شیمیایی + کود زیستی به¬دست آمد. با¬توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، کشت مخلوط و نظام کوددهی تلفیقی سبب افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد هر سه گونه زراعی می¬شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to evaluate of yield and its components in the monocropping and intercropping of potato with faba beans and peas under the application of biofertilizers, organic and chemical fertilizers, a two-year field experiment (years 2018 and 2019) was carried out as a factorial based on RCB design with three repetitions at Gharakhil Agricultural Research Station. Treatments include different cultivation patterns (potato, faba bean and pea monocropping and intercropping of potato+faba bean and potato+pea) and the second factor was the application of fertilizer systems at seven levels including no fertilizer, application of Aztobacter as a biofertilizer, biochar as a organic fertilizer and urea as a chemical fertilizer, integrated application of 50% Aztobacter biofertilizer + 50% organic fertilizer, integrated application of 50% Aztobacter biofertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer and integrated application of 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% organic fertilizer. Yields of potatoes, faba beans and peas in intercropping were superior to that of monocropping. Fertilizer systems had a very significant effect on potato tuber yields in two years of experiment, when the results of the mean comparison showed that the integrated application of biofertilizer + organic fertilizer caused increasing potato yield (29772 and 36178 kg.ha-1, respectively) in the first and second years of the experiment.The most traits attributed to faba beans such as the number of seeds in a pod, number of pods in a plant, length of pods, plant height and the yield of green pods of faba beans were obtained in the planting pattern of intercpping of faba beans + potatoes during two years. In addition, the results showed that in the first and second year, the highest yield of green bean pods (20804.2 and 22801.3 kg.ha-1, respectively) was obtained in integrated application of biological fertilizer + organic fertilizer and the highest pea yields in the first and second year (12104.6 and 11806.3 kg.ha-1, respectively) were obtained from the intercpping planting pattern of peas + potatoes along with the integrated application of chemical fertilizer + biological fertilizer. According to the results of this experiment, intercropping and integrated application of fertilizer increases the yield and yield components of all three agricultural species.

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