درآمدی بر حدود الزام‌آوری وعده در فقه الاداره با تکیه برحدیث « انما یحلل الکلام و یحرم الکلام »
محورهای موضوعی : فقه و حقوق اسلامی
شقایق عامریان
1
,
مصطفی کیخا
2
,
احسان سامانی
3
1 - دانشجو دکتری گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان - ایران.
2 - دانشجو دکتری گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان – ایران،
3 - استادیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان - ایران.
کلید واژه: فقه الاداره, وعده, تعهدات, الزام‌آوری, یحلل الکلام, یحرم الکلام,
چکیده مقاله :
وعده و لزوم وفای به آن و توجه به حدود و جایگاه مؤثرش در فقه مدیریتی اسلامی که معمولاً با عنوان فقه الاداره شناخته می‌شود، نیازمند نگاهی جدی با رویکرد توجه به الزامات فقهی و نمود روایت « انما یحلل الکلام و یحرم الکلام» است که فقها، متعدد در کتب فقهی خود به آن استناد جسته‌اند. مطابق با روایت مذکور واژه کلام منحصر در لفظ نبوده، بلکه معنای التزامی آن نیز، ملاک می‌باشد. مفهوم این واژه که با عنایت به نظر فقها التزام به مفاد قرارداد می‌باشد، رابطه تنگاتنگی با وعده‌های داده‌شده از جانب سیستم مدیریتی دارد. همچنین توجه به حدود وعده و الزام آوریش نقش مهمی در اراده‌ی جمعی انسان‌ها دارد. بی‌شک سیستم مدیریتی باید نسبت به الفاظ بکار گرفته‌شده در وعده‌های خود، پذیرای تعهدات مربوطه نیز، باشد. پذیرش مسئولیت منعطف به‌نظام مدیریتی، با تطبیق بر اصل چهارم قانون اساسی به اثبات می‌رسد. مطابق با این اصل، کلیه قوانین و مقررات باید بر اساس موازین اسلامی باشد. این نوشتار که با روش تحلیلی – توصیفی با تکیه بر منابع کتابخانه‌ای تدوین‌شده است، الزام به وعده در مجموعه مدیریتی را امری مسلم دانسته و برابر مستندات ارائه‌شده بیان می‌دارد، پذیرش مسئولیت در وعده‌ها کاملاً الزام‌آور بوده، به علاوه در جهت تبیین مسئله، گونه‌هایی از فقه الاداره و الزام در اسناد عادی را مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار می‌دهد. به نظر نویسنده مرابحه و قولنامه به عنوان مصادیقی از وعده، در چارچوب سیستم فقه الاداره قرار می‌گیرد که اثبات التزام نسبت به آن‌ها، وظایف نظام مدیریتی را پیرامون این مسئله با تأکید بیشتری خاطرنشان می‌سازد.
"Promise" and the need to fulfill it and pay attention to its limits and effective position in Islamic management jurisprudence, which is usually known as jurisprudence of management, requires a serious look with an approach of paying attention to jurisprudence requirements and the narration of "Anma Yahallal Al-Kalam and Yahram Al-Kalam". which many jurists have cited in their jurisprudence books. According to the mentioned narration, the word "kalam" is not exclusive to words, but its obligatory meaning is also a criterion. The concept of this word, which according to jurists is commitment to the provisions of the contract, has a close relationship with the promises made by the management system. Also, paying attention to the limits of the promise and its obligation has an important role in the collective will of people. Undoubtedly, the management system should be receptive to the relevant obligations in relation to the words used in its promises. The acceptance of flexible responsibility to the management system is proven by applying the fourth principle of the constitution. According to this principle, all laws and regulations must be based on Islamic standards. This article, which was compiled with the analytical-descriptive method based on library sources, considers the obligation to promise in the management system as a matter of course, and according to the presented documents, acceptance of responsibility in promises is absolutely mandatory, in addition, in order to clarify the issue, some types of jurisprudence It analyzes and examines the authority and requirement in normal documents. In the author's opinion, Murabahah and Qolnameh are examples of promises, in the framework of fiqh al-adarah system, which proves the commitment to them, emphasizes the duties of the management system around this issue with more emphasis.
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index of articles
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sites
Fazel Lankarani, Mohammad Javad, 2017, foreign course in jurisprudence
www.fazellankarani, com