ارزیابی کمی بیابان زایی در دشت کاشان با استفاده از شاخص های حاصل از تصاویر ماهواره ای
محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی و مدیریت زیست محیطیزهرا اسلامیان 1 , فاطمه پناهی 2 * , عباسعلی ولی 3 , سید حجت موسوی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری بیابان‌زدایی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان
2 - استادیار دانشگاه کاشان
3 - دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه کاشان
4 - استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، گروه جغرافیا و اکوتوریسم، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین
کلید واژه: بیابانزایی, دشت کاشان, مدلسازی, سنجش از دور,
چکیده مقاله :
بیابانزایی یک مشکل زیستمحیطی در سراسر جهان است. دادهها و تکنیک سنجش‌ازدور اطلاعات قابل‌توجهی را برای تهیه نقشه و ارزیابی بیابانزایی ارائه میدهد. برای بررسی دقیق بیابانزایی دشت کاشان ابتدا با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره لندست 5 و 8 نقشه کاربری اراضی برای سال 2008 و 2020 تهیه گردید. سپس با استفاده از داده‌های تصاویر ماهواره‌ای شاخص‌های TGSI (شاخص اندازه دانه سطحی خاک) و داده‌های Albedo (آل بدو سطح زمین) تهیه، سپس نقشه بیابانزایی DDI مدل‌های فضای Albedo-TGSI ایجاد و دقت استخراج این نقشه‌ها بررسی گردید. اراضی بایر و مراتع به ترتیب کاهش 75/7 و 80/1 درصدی داشته این در حالی است که شورهزار، مناطق انسان‌ساخت و اراضی کشاورزی به ترتیب حدود 60/6، 61/1 و 43/1 درصد افزایش نشان داده است. بررسی صحت کلی و ضریب کاپا نقشه کاربری اراضی نشان داد که این شاخص‌ها برای سال 2008 به ترتیب 95% و 91/0 و برای سال 2020 نیز 96 و 94/0 است. همچنین بررسی نقشه بیابانزایی سال 2008 نشان داد که بیشترین مساحت مربوط به کلاس متوسط و کم و بدون بیابانزایی بوده که حدود 69 درصد از دشت کاشان را پوشش داده است. این در حالی است که نتایج بیابانزایی در سال 2020 بیان داشت که کلاسهای بیابانزایی شدید و خیلی شدید حدود 42/55 درصد از مساحت این منطقه را دربر گرفتهاند. این نتایج بیانگر افزایش بیابانزایی و شرایط ایجاد اراضی بیابانی دشت کاشان است. نتایج صحت سنجی نشان داد که دقت کلی و ضریب کاپا نقشه تهیه‌شده به ترتیب 92/94 % و 52/93 % است. درحالی‌که مدل Albedo-TGSI برای مناطق با پوشش گیاهی نسبتاً کم مناسب است. این مطالعه یک مرجع فنی برای بررسی بیابانزایی مناطق مختلف فراهم می‌کند.
Desertification is a worldwide environmental problem. Remote sensing data and techniques provide significant information for desertification mapping and assessment. In order to investigate the desertification of Kashan plain first, land use maps for 2008 and 2020 were prepared using Landsat satellite images 5 and 8. Then, using the data of satellite images, TGSI indices (surface soil grain size index) and Albedo data (ground surface albedo) were prepared, then the DDI desertification map of Albedo-TGSI space models was created and the accuracy of these maps was checked. Barren lands and pastures have decreased by 7.75% and 1.80%, respectively, while salt marshes, man-made areas, and agricultural lands have increased by 6.60%, 1.61%, and 1.43%, respectively. Examining the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the land use map showed that these indicators are 95% and 0.91 for 2008 and 96 and 0.94 for 2020, respectively. Also, the study of the desertification map of 2008 showed that the largest area was related to the medium and low class and without desertification, which covered about 69% of the Kashan plain. Meanwhile, the results of desertification in 2020 stated that severe and very severe desertification classes have covered about 55.42% of the area of this region. These results indicate the increase in desertification and the conditions for the creation of desert lands in the Kashan Plain. The validation results showed that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the prepared map is 94.92% and 93.52%, respectively. While the Albedo-TGSI model is suitable for areas with relatively low vegetation cover. This study provides a technical reference for studying the desertification of different regions.
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